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ATINA, ITALIA

Atina is a town and comune in the province of Frosinone, Lazio region of central Italy. It is a member of the I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy") association.The economy is mostly based on agriculture (olive oil, wine – including Cabernet – and beans). Origins Legend attributes very ancient origins to Atina: it would have been founded by Saturn in the mythical golden age, together with 5 other cities of Lazio that begin with the letter A and called Saturnian cities. Historical and literary sources attest its existence in pre-Roman times with reasonable certainty: it is known that in a passage from the Aeneid Virgil included it among the cities that prepared arms to help Turnus against Aeneas. History Atina was a town of the Samnites, later conquered by the Romans. Cicero speaks of it as a prosperous country town, which had not as yet fallen into the hands of large proprietors; and inscriptions show that in the Imperial age it was still flourishing. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it was conquered by the Lombards, becoming part of the Duchy of Benevento in 702. Later it was ruled by the lords of Capua, the counts of the Marsi and those of Aquino, and, together with of most of the Comino Valley of the County (later Duchy) of Alvito. It remained part of the Kingdom of Naples until 1860. Once a part of the Terra di Lavoro province, it was included in the province of Frosinone in 1929. Main sights The walls, of carefully worked polygonal blocks of stone, are still preserved in parts: their enclosure is larger than the modern town. The sawn blocks perfectly match and fit together in order to settle a seismic resistant structure over millenniums, therefore earthquakes could not break up or damage the existing construction. Nowaday, the way the blocks were cut and carried it’s still a mystery that indeed later populations have not replied the interlacement of the polygonal masonry. It is important to clarify that the cyclopean fortification come in two types: polygonal and squared. The polygonal blocks within a sophisticate groove interlacement whereas the work surfaces are sawed or not manufactured. On the other hand, the squared blocks are settled following parallel plans and worked with chisel. One of these remains is a boundary stone relating to the assignation of lands in the time of the Gracchi, of which six other examples have been found in Campania and Basilicata.[6][7] Other sights include: Ducal Palace or Palazzo Ducale: built in Gothic-style in 1349 by the nobleman Rostaino Cantelmo. The façade has three mullioned windows and an ogival portal with an ancient Roman relief. The "Noble Floor" has a mosaic from the 2nd century BCE. Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta: built in Baroque style, was first erected in the 11th century on the remains of a temple dedicated to Saturn. The current Baroque style dates back to the 18th century. It has a nave, two aisles, and frescoes of St. John the Baptist, St. Thomas Aquinas and the Transfiguration painted by Teodoro Mancini (1796–1868). Convent of St Francis (17th century): held by Franciscan friars until 1865, when it was abandoned. In 1871, it became property of the municipality of Atina.