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173. Metabolism Of Methionine

𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝗙𝐨𝐫 𝗠𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝗜𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝗛𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡 👩‍⚕‍ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝗠𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐞💉🩺💊 𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐛𝐞 :    / @draishwaryakelkar   📌𝗙𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗯𝗼𝗼𝗸 :   / draishwaryakelkar   📌𝗧𝘄𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿:   / aishwayadr   📌𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 :   / clinical.learning   Methionine is the only sulfur-containing amino acid that is essential for mammals and must therefore be derived entirely from the diet. In contrast, methionine is synthesized de novo by plants and most microorganisms after the initial steps of inorganic sulfate assimilation and cysteine or homocysteine (Hcy) syntheses. Because of its central importance in cellular metabolism, the metabolic sequence ensuring the conversion of cysteine into methionine has been extensively studied in enteric bacteria. The pioneer work of John Giovanelli established that the enzymatic reactions leading to methionine were similar in the plant kingdom. In plants, as in bacteria, methionine belongs to the aspartate family of amino acids, which also comprises lysine, threonine, and isoleucine. These biosynthetic pathways deserve considerable attention for several reasons. First, the study of their biochemical and molecular control would provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in the homeostatic regulation of amino acids in plants. Second, these metabolic pathways give rise to essential amino acids that limit the nutritional quality of crop plants as diet for human beings and monogastric animals because seeds of cereals and legumes are deficient in lysine and methionine, respectively. Third, the inhibition of acetolactate synthase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of isoleucine, valine, and leucine, by sulfonylureas or imidazolinones is lethal for plants. Thus, it is anticipated that key regulatory enzymes of the aspartate-derived amino acid branches also would be suitable targets for efficient herbicides. The synthesis of aspartate-derived amino acids as well as the assimilation of sulfate and the synthesis of sulfur amino acids in plants have been covered recently in several reviews. The present article is intended to serve three purposes. The first is to provide a general background on the physiology of methionine synthesis in higher plants. The second is to highlight some recent findings linked to the metabolism of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) in plants due to its regulatory influence on the aspartate pathway and its implication in plant growth and plant–pathogen interactions. The third is to present and discuss an integrative view of our present understanding of the functioning of the methionine and AdoMet biosynthetic/recycling pathways, notably in relation with the unique compartmentation of metabolism in higher plants. The trends that emerge here open new research directions for the study of these essential metabolites in plants. #methionine #aminoacids #biochemistry #mbbs #acids #metabolismofmethionine