Diagnosis of Carcinoid Syndrome (Carcinoid Tumor) скачать в хорошем качестве

Diagnosis of Carcinoid Syndrome (Carcinoid Tumor)

Diagnosis of Carcinoid Syndrome Carcinoid syndrome is a rare condition caused by neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) that secrete excessive amounts of serotonin and other substances. Diagnosing carcinoid syndrome involves several steps: 1. Clinical Evaluation Symptoms: The doctor will assess symptoms such as flushing, diarrhea, wheezing, and abdominal pain2. 2. Laboratory Tests Urine Test: A 24-hour urine test to measure 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), a byproduct of serotonin metabolism2. Blood Test: To check for elevated levels of chromogranin A (CgA) and other substances released by carcinoid tumors2. 3. Imaging Studies CT Scan: To locate the primary tumor and check for metastasis. MRI: To provide detailed images of the tumor and surrounding tissues. Nuclear Medicine Scans: Such as somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) or PET scans to detect tumors. 4. Endoscopic Procedures Endoscopy: To examine the gastrointestinal tract for tumors. Bronchoscopy: To check for lung carcinoid tumors. Colonoscopy: To diagnose rectal carcinoid tumors. 5. Biopsy Tissue Sample: A biopsy of the tumor to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type of neuroendocrine tumor #CarcinoidSyndrome