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The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ located in the mediastinum. It consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus. Blood supply to the thymus comes from the internal thoracic artery and the superior and inferior thyroid arteries. The thymus extends from the level of the inferior poles of the thyroid gland above to the fourth costal cartilage. It sits anterior to the great vessels of the heart and deep to the sternum. The two distinct lobes are connected in the midline by an isthmus. The thymus is encapsulated and divided into lobules. Each lobule has three regions: Subcapsular cortical region: Located just beneath the capsule. Cortical region: Contains thymic epithelial cells and lymphoid cells. Medullary region: Found centrally within each lobule. The thymic epithelial cells play a crucial role in the maturation and development of lymphoid cells that migrate into the thymus during intrauterine angiogenesis. The thymus serves as the initial site of T cell immune maturation. T cells gain their name because they mature in the thymus, while B cells mature in the bone marrow. Positive and negative selection processes occur in the thymus, ensuring that only functional T cells survive. It’s where hemopoietic precursor cells mature into T cells via these selection processes. #Thymus #Thymusgland