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Diarrhea and Vomiting in Children

*Guidelines for Parents: Managing Loose Motion, Nausea, and Vomiting in Children* **1. Understanding the Symptoms:**\ Loose motion (diarrhea), nausea, and vomiting are often caused by infections (viral, bacterial, or parasitic), food intolerance, or other medical conditions. These symptoms can lead to dehydration if not managed properly. **2. When to Seek Medical Attention:**\ Seek a doctor immediately if your child: Has diarrhea and vomiting for more than 24 hours. Shows signs of dehydration (dry mouth, sunken eyes, no tears, reduced urine output). Has a high fever (above 102°F or 39°C). Passes blood or mucus in stool. Is unable to keep any fluids down. Appears unusually drowsy or irritable. *3. Home Management:* *Hydration is Key:* Give Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) frequently to prevent dehydration. Offer small sips every few minutes. Coconut water, rice water, or clear soups may also help. *Manage Vomiting:* If vomiting persists, allow a short break (15–30 minutes) before offering small amounts of fluids. Gradually increase as tolerated. *Continue Feeding:* Breastfeeding should be continued. Older children should be given soft, easily digestible foods like rice, dal, boiled potatoes, yogurt etc *Avoid Certain Foods:* Do not give sugary drinks, fruits, fruit juices, carbonated beverages, or fatty and spicy foods. *Zinc Supplementation:* Giving zinc (10-20 mg per day for 10-14 days) can help reduce the severity and duration of diarrhea. *Maintain Hygiene:* Wash hands regularly, clean feeding utensils properly, and maintain sanitary food preparation practices. *4. Preventing Future Episodes:* Wash hands thoroughly before eating and after using the toilet. Ensure safe drinking water; boil or filter if necessary. Properly cook food and avoid street food. Keep surroundings clean and maintain good hygiene. Encourage routine vaccinations, including the rotavirus vaccine. *5. Medication Use:* Avoid self-medication with antibiotics or anti-diarrheal drugs unless prescribed by a doctor. Probiotics may help in some cases but should be used under medical guidance. By following these steps, most cases of loose motion, nausea, and vomiting can be managed at home safely. However, always consult your pediatrician if you have concerns.