Hydroxyapatite HA ; naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite скачать в хорошем качестве

Hydroxyapatite HA ; naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a naturally occurring calcium phosphate mineral with the formula Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂. It’s the main inorganic component of bone and teeth, making up about 65–70% of bone and 70–80% of enamel and dentin2. Its biocompatibility and structural similarity to human hard tissues make it a cornerstone in orthopedics, dentistry, and biomedical engineering. 🔬 Structure & Properties Feature Description Chemical formula Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂ Crystal system Hexagonal Color White or colorless (pure form) Hardness ~5 on Mohs scale Solubility Low—stable in aqueous environments Charge Highly negative, attracts water and ions HA can be synthetically produced or extracted from natural sources like coral or eggshells. It’s often used in nano or porous forms to enhance biological performance4. 🧠 Biological Roles Provides rigidity and strength to bones and teeth Acts as a reservoir for calcium and phosphate Supports osteoblast adhesion and bone regeneration Forms the basis of bone mineral and enamel crystallites 🩺 Medical Applications Field Use Orthopedics Bone grafts, coatings for implants, spinal fusion Dentistry Toothpastes, enamel repair, dental implants Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for bone regeneration Drug Delivery Carrier for controlled release systems Cosmetics Anti-aging creams and remineralizing agents HA is often combined with polymers or doped with ions (e.g. Zn²⁺, Sr²⁺, Mg²⁺) to improve mechanical strength, bioactivity, and antibacterial properties5. ⚠️ Clinical Insights Used in nano-hydroxyapatite toothpastes to reduce sensitivity and remineralize enamel Incorporated into orthopedic coatings to enhance osseointegration Plays a role in calcific tendinitis and kidney stones when deposited abnormally #Hydroxyapatite #HA