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Maxillo Facial Trauma

Maxillofacial injuries are frequent cause of presentations in an emergency department. Varying from simple, common nasal fractures to gross communition of the face, management of such injuries can be extremely challenging. Injuries of this highly vascular zone are complicated by the presence of upper airway and proximity with the cranial and cervical structures that may be concomitantly involved. While, with non maxillofacial injuries, a protocol for management of airway, breathing, and circulation is relatively well established; injuries to this region have often been a subject for discussion. We present an overview of the initial management of such patients in terms of airway, cervical spine, and circulation. The challenges and controversies in the management of such patients are discussed.