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#OCULAR

👁️‍🗨️ OCULAR ANATOMY – CONJUNCTIVA 📚 Subject: Human Eye Anatomy / Clinical Ophthalmology 🔍 What is the Conjunctiva? The conjunctiva is a thin, transparent mucous membrane that covers the front surface of the eye (except the cornea) and lines the inside of the eyelids. It helps protect the eye, maintain moisture, and provides immune defense. 🧭 Location & Parts: The conjunctiva is divided into three main parts: Part Location Palpebral conjunctiva Lines the inner surface of eyelids Forniceal conjunctiva Loose, folded part between eyelid and eyeball Bulbar conjunctiva Covers the anterior part of the sclera (white of the eye) up to the cornea 🧬 Structure: Epithelium: Contains goblet cells that secrete mucus Stroma (substantia propria): Loose connective tissue with blood vessels, lymphatics, and immune cells 📌 Functions of Conjunctiva: Function Role Protection Acts as a barrier against dust, microbes, and foreign bodies Lubrication Secretes mucus and tears to keep the eye surface moist Immunity Contains immune cells for defense Movement Allows free movement of the eyeball and eyelids 🩺 Clinical Conditions Related to Conjunctiva: Condition Description Conjunctivitis Inflammation due to infection (bacterial/viral/allergic) – “pink eye” Subconjunctival hemorrhage Small blood leak under conjunctiva; looks like red patch Pterygium Growth of conjunctival tissue over the cornea Pinguecula Yellowish raised lesion on bulbar conjunctiva Dry Eye Reduced conjunctival secretions lead to irritation and dryness 📷 Visible Features During Eye Exam: Bulbar conjunctiva appears white and transparent with visible blood vessels Palpebral conjunctiva appears pink and smooth Any redness, swelling, discharge, or foreign body indicates pathology 📚 Summary Table: Feature Conjunctiva Type Mucous membrane Location Eyelids + front of sclera Layers Epithelium + stroma Functions Protection, lubrication, immunity Clinical Conjunctivitis, pterygium, hemorrhage ✅ Conclusion: The conjunctiva is a vital protective and lubricating membrane of the eye that maintains ocular health and surface integrity. Its diseases are common but usually manageable with medical care.