Julius Nyerere - IJAMBO RYAHINDURA UBUZIMA EP194 скачать в хорошем качестве

Julius Nyerere - IJAMBO RYAHINDURA UBUZIMA EP194

#IJAMBORYAHINDURAUBUZIMA Tariki 14 Ukwakira 1999 nibwo Julius Kambarage Nyerere yashizemo umwuka azize cancer mu bitaro bya St Thomas i Londres. Nyerere wavukiye muri Tanzania kuwa 13 Mata 1922, avuka mu bwoko bw’aba Zanaki. Ubwoko bw’aba Zanaki bwakomotse muri Sudan bukamanuka muri Uganda bukaza gutura mu gace ka Mara. Zanaki ngo byaturutse ku mukambwe ubu bwoko bwaje busanga akabaza ngo “Ajanaki?” (azanye iki?) aba bantu bahita bitwa aba ‘Zanaki’ batyo. Ibi bigaragaza ko Julius Nyerere adakomoka mu Rwanda cyangwa i Burundi nk’uko hari abajya babivuga. Se wa Nyerere yari umutware witwa Burito Nyerere, yari afite abagore 22 batuye hafi ye bose aha i Butiama. Uyu Burito yaje kwitaba Imana mu 1942 abagore be, nk’uko umuco ubitegeka, batwarwa n’abandi bagabo bo mu muryango, usibye nyina wa Julius Nyerere wakomeje kubana n’abana be mu kazu k’ibyatsi aha i Butiama. Uyu mubyeyi yaje kwitaba Imana mu 1997 mbere ho imyaka ibiri ko n’umuhungu we amukurikira. Nyerere yanze kuba mu nzu nini yubakiwe ati “njye sindi inzovu” . We na nyina n’abavandimwe be bakomeje kwibera mu nzu z’ibyatsi aha Butiama, ashaka umwalimukazi witwa Maria Gabriel Majige (Maria Nyerere) mu 1953 bakomeza kwibera aho kugeza mu 1961 Nyerere abaye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere wa Tanganyika na Perezida wa mbere mu gihugu gifite ubwigenge mu 1962. Uyu mugore we barabanye kugeza apfuye. Dusubiye inyuma gato: Nyerere yize muri Kaminuza ya Makerere muri Uganda na Kaminuza ya Edinburgh mu Bwongereza. Ubwo Tanzania yemerwaga nka guverinoma yigenga mu 1960 Nyerere yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe akuriwe na Guverineri w’Umwongereza Sir Richard Turnbull, aho Tanzania ibereye Repubulika mu 1962, ayibera Umukuru w’Igihugu kugeza mu 1985. Nyerere watangiye urugendo rwe ari umwarimu w’Amateka, Icyongereza n’Igiswahili, yakunzwe na benshi mu gihugu cye no hanze, agera aho yitwa “Baba wa Taifa” cyangwa Umubyeyi w’Igihugu. Afatwa nk’Umunyafurika nyawe, waharaniye ko uyu mugabane ugira ubwisanzure busesuye, ko Afurika igira ijambo, akaba n’umwe mu bashinze Umuryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika, OUA ubu yahindutse AU. Nyerere yibukirwa ku magambo meza yagiye avugira mu mbwirwaruhame zigaruka ahanini kuri Afurika yifuzaga, ishyize hamwe kandi igatera imbere. Ubwo Tanganyika yari imaze kwemerwa nka guverinoma yigenga mu 1960, Nyerere yabwiye Gen. Richard Gordon Turnbull ko atemeranya n’abashobora gukandamiza abandi bitwaje ibara ry’uruhu. Ati “Muri Tanganyika twizera ko ikibi kibaho, ari abantu batemera Imana bashobora kugira ibara ry’uruhu ikintu gikomeye kigenderwaho mu guha umuntu uburenganzira yemerewe”, Nyerere yagize uruhare mu gushinga ishyaka, Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), ndetse ku gihe cye ,Tanganyika yayoborwaga n’ishyaka rukumbi. Ubwo yabazwaga kuri demokarasi ishingiye ku ishyaka rimwe cyangwa amashyaka menshi mu 1991, Nyerere yasubije ko ibiba ahandi atari byo bigomba gukwira hose. Ati “Demokarasi si nk’icupa rya Coca-Cola ushobora gutumiza mu mahanga. Demokarasi igomba gukorwa hagendewe ku gihugu runaka igomba gukoreshwamo. Sinigeze njya mu gihugu ngo mbone amashyaka menshi ngo mbifate ko ari demokarasi. Ntabwo ushobora gusobanura Demokarasi gusa wifashishije amashyaka menshi.” Nyerere nk’umuntu waharaniye ko Afurika yishyira hamwe, yakunze kugira ati “Hatabayeho ubumwe, Afurika ntahazaza ifite”. Uruhare rwe rukomeza kugaragarira ku buryo yafashaga cyane ngo ivanguraruhu rya Apartheid ricike burundu muri Afurika y’Epfo, ndetse n’uburyo yayoboye bagenzi be bayoboraga ibihugu bitandukanye mu gukuraho ubutegetsi bw’abazungu mu cyitwaga Rhodesie ubu cyahindutse Zimbabwe, cyangwa uko yasabwaga ubufasha mu Rwanda no mu Burundi. Nyerere yagaragaje ko adashyigikiye imikorere ya ‘Capitalisme’, aho ubukungu buba buri mu maboko y’abikorera. Kuwa 2 Mutarama 1973, ubwo yari i Khartoum muri Sudani, yagize ati “Capitalisme bivuga ko rubanda ruzakora, ubundi abantu bacye badashobora no kugira icyo bakora babe aribo bungukira muri iyo mirimo. Abake bazicara mu minsi mikuru, ubundi rubanda barye ibyo basigaje.’’ Nyerere afatwa nk’uwari ufite imvugo yoroheje, ariko akagira ubuhanga bwo kuvugira mu ruhame kandi akaba n’umuhanga mu bijyanye na politiki. Ibitekerezo bye, n’imbwirwaruhame, byakusanyirijwe mu bitabo bye yise Uhuru na Umoja cyo mu 1967 na Uhuru na Maendeleo cyo mu 1973. Nyerere kandi azwiho kuba yarabashije guhindura mu giswahili amakinamico abiri y’Umwongereza William Shakespeare, ariyo The Merchant of Venice na Julius Caesar. Nyerere yitiriwe ibikorwa bitandukanye birimo ikibuga cy’indege, Julius Nyerere International Airport i Dar es Salaam, inyubako iberamo inama ya Julius Nyerere International Convention Centre, ikiraro cya Nyerere Bridge mu gace ka Kigamboni, ishuri ryo muri kaminuza ya Zimbabwe, Great Zimbabwe University - Julius Nyerere School of Social Sciences n’ibindi.