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Styloidectomy surgery # Eagle syndrome Styloidectomy surgery # Eagle syndrome eagle syndrome styloid process Eagle syndrome is a rare condition characterized by facial, throat, or neck pain caused by an elongated styloid process or a calcified stylohyoid ligament. The styloid process is a slender bone extending from the base of the skull below the ear. When it is abnormally long or the stylohyoid ligament becomes hardened, it can irritate nearby cranial nerves (such as V, VII, IX, and X) or compress blood vessels, leading to a variety of symptoms. Anatomy of the Styloid Process • Location: It's a thin, cylindrical bony projection located just under the ear, extending from the temporal bone. • Function: It serves as an anchor for ligaments and muscles. • Normal vs. Abnormal: A styloid process longer than 2.5 cm is often considered abnormal, but only the combination of this elongation with symptoms confirms Eagle syndrome. Symptoms of Eagle Syndrome Symptoms vary widely but can include: • Pain: Facial, ear, throat, and neck pain, often described as a dull ache or a foreign body sensation. • Swallowing Issues: Pain on swallowing (odynophagia), difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). • Other Symptoms: Headache, dizziness, tinnitus, voice changes, and jaw pain. • Neurological Issues: Less commonly, compression of the carotid artery can cause more serious neurological symptoms, notes ScienceDirect. Causes • Elongation: An elongated styloid process is the primary cause. • Calcification: Calcification or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament can also cause the syndrome. • Trauma: The condition may be triggered or worsened by trauma, such as post-tonsillectomy surgery. Diagnosis • Clinical Examination: A doctor may feel a hard bony spicule in the tonsillar area that aggravates the symptoms. • Imaging: A CT scan is often used to precisely measure the length and angulation of the styloid process and evaluate its relationship with surrounding structures. Treatment Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and may involve: • Medications: Pain relievers to manage symptoms. • Corticosteroid Injections: For symptomatic relief. • Surgical Removal (Styloidectomy): The most definitive treatment, involving the surgical removal of the elongated styloid process, is done when conservative treatments are ineffective. styloidectomy surgery