Duodenal Obstruction ; Definition, causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment скачать в хорошем качестве

Duodenal Obstruction ; Definition, causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Duodenal Obstruction Duodenal obstruction occurs when the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, is blocked, preventing food and fluids from passing through. Causes: 1. Congenital conditions (e.g., duodenal atresia, stenosis) 2. Intestinal malrotation 3. Volvulus (twisted intestine) 4. Intussusception (telescoping intestine) 5. Tumors (e.g., duodenal cancer, pancreatic cancer) 6. Inflammatory diseases (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) 7. Trauma (abdominal injury) 8. Adhesions (scar tissue from previous surgery) 9. Foreign bodies (e.g., swallowed objects) Symptoms: 1. Vomiting (projectile or bilious) 2. Abdominal pain (upper or mid-abdominal) 3. Nausea 4. Weight loss 5. Anorexia 6. Bloating 7. Abdominal distension 8. Dehydration 9. Electrolyte imbalance Diagnostic Tests: 1. Upper GI endoscopy 2. Barium swallow/meal study 3. CT scan 4. MRI 5. Ultrasound 6. Gastric emptying study 7. Endoscopic ultrasound Treatment: Medical Management: 1. Fluid and electrolyte replacement 2. Anti-emetics 3. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) 4. H2 blockers 5. Nasogastric suction Surgical Options: 1. Duodenojejunostomy 2. Gastrojejunostomy 3. Duodenal bypass 4. Intestinal resection 5. Adhesiolysis (lysis of adhesions) Endoscopic Interventions: 1. Balloon dilation 2. Stent placement 3. Laser therapy Complications: 1. Malnutrition 2. Dehydration 3. Electrolyte imbalance 4. Intestinal perforation 5. Sepsis 6. Respiratory complications #duodenum