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The Ohio State Studies

The Ohio State leadership studies were conducted at about the same time as the Michigan studies, in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Ohio State leadership studies defined leader consideration and initiating-structure behaviors as independent dimensions of leadership. During this program of research, behavioral scientists at Ohio State University developed a questionnaire, which they administered in both military and industrial settings, to assess subordinates’ perceptions of their leaders’ behavior. The Ohio State studies identified several forms of leader behavior but tended to focus on the two most common ones: consideration and initiating-structure. The Ohio State researchers also investigated the stability of leader behaviors over time. They found that a given individual’s leadership pattern appeared to change little as long as the situation remained fairly constant. Another topic they looked at w as the combinations of leader behaviors that were related to effectiveness. At first, they believed that leaders who exhibit high levels of both behaviors would be most effective. The Ohio State studies represented another important milestone in leadership research.