राजस्थान में कैसे लगाएँ आम का पेड़ || Mango Tree Farming in Rajasthan || скачать в хорошем качестве

राजस्थान में कैसे लगाएँ आम का पेड़ || Mango Tree Farming in Rajasthan ||

Mango (Mangifera indica) is the leading fruit crop of India and considered to be the king of fruits. Besides delicious taste, excellent flavour and attractive fragrance, it is rich in vitamin A&C. The tree is hardy in nature, can be grown in a variety of soil and requires comparatively low maintenance costs. Mango fruit is utilised at all stages of its development both in its immature and mature state. Raw fruits are used for making chutney, pickles and juices. The ripe fruits besides being used for desert are also utilised for preparing several products like squashes, syrups, nectars, jams and jellies. The mango kernel also contains 8-10 percent good quality fat which can be used for soap and also as a substitute for cocoa butter in confectionery. Scope for Mango Cultivation and its National Importance Mango occupies about 36% of the total area under fruits (2010-11) comprising of 22.97 lakh hectares, with a total production of 151.88 lakh tonnes. Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh are having the largest area under mango each with around 23% of the total area followed by Karnataka, Bihar, Gujarat and Tamilnadu. Fresh mangoes and mango pulp are the important items of agri-exports from India. India's main export destinations for mango are UAE, Bangladesh, UK, Saudi Arabia, Nepal, Kuwait, USA and other Middle East countries with a limited quantity being shipped toEuropean market. Although, India is the largest mango producing country, accounting about 45% of world production, the export of fresh fruit is limited to Alphonso and Dashehari varieties. India's share in the world mango market is about 15 percent. Mango accounts for 40 percent of the total fruit exports from the country. There is good scope for increasing the area and productivity of mango in the country.   Technical Requirements of Mango Cultivation 3.1 Climate Mango can be grown under both tropical and sub-tropical climate from sea level to 1400 m altitude, provided there is no high humidity, rain or frost during the flowering period. Places with good rainfall and dry summer are ideal for mango cultivation. It is better to avoid areas with winds and cyclones which may cause flower and fruit shedding and breaking of branches. 3.2 Soil Mango can be grown on a wide range of soils from alluvial to laterite provided they are deep (minimum 6') and well drained. It prefers slightly acidic soils (pH 5.5 to 7.5) 3.3 Varieties Though there are nearly 1000 varieties of mango in India, only following varieties are grown in different states : Alphonso, Bangalora, Banganpalli, Bombai, Bombay Green, Dashehari, Fazli, Fernandin, Himsagar, Kesar, KishenBhog, Langra, Mankhurd, Mulgoa, Neelam, Samarbehist, Chausa, Suvarnarekha, Vanaraj and Zardalu. Recently some mango hybrids have been released for cultivation by different institutes / universities. A brief introduction to such varieties is presented below :Mallika - It is a cross between Neelam and Dashehari. Fruits are medium sized cadmium coloured with good quality, reported to be a regular bearer. Amrapali - It is a cross between Dashehari and Neelam. It is a dwarf vigorous type with regular and late bearing variety. It yields on an average 16 t/ha and about 1600 plants can be accommodated in one hectare. Mangeera : It is a cross between Rumani and Neelam. It is a semi vigorous type with a regular bearing habit. Fruits are medium sized with light yellow coloured skin, firm and fibreless flesh and sweet to taste.  Ratna : It is a cross between Neelam and Alphonso. It is a regular bearer and free from spongy tissue.  Fruits are medium sized with excellent quality. Flesh is firm and fibreless, deep orange in colour with high TSS (19-21o Brix).  Arka Aruna : It is a hybrid between Banganapalli and Alphonso with regular bearing habit and dwarf in stature. About 400 plants can be accommodated per hectare. Fruits are large sized (500-700 gm)  with attractive skin colour. Pulp is fibreless, sweet to taste (20-22o Brix). Pulp percentage is 73 and the fruits are free from spongy tissue. Arka Puneet : It is a regular and prolific bearing hybrid of the cross between Alphonso and the Banganapalli. Fruits are medium sized (220-250 gm) with attractive skin colour, having red blush. Pulp is free from fibre, pulp percentage being 70 percent. Fruits are sweet to taste (20-22o Brix) with good keeping quality and free from spongy tissue. It is a good variety for processing also.  Arka Anmol : It is a semi-vigorous plant type from the cross between Alphonso and Janardhan Pasand. It is also a regular bearing and free from spongy tissues. Fruits ripen to uniform yellow colour. Keeping quality of the fruit is very good and it is suitable for export. It has got excellent sugar and acid blend and fruits weigh on an average about 300 g, Pulp is orange in colour.   .