Скачать с ютуб How do we know there's a black hole in every galaxy centre? | History of Supermassive Black Holes в хорошем качестве

How do we know there's a black hole in every galaxy centre? | History of Supermassive Black Holes

At the centre of every galaxy, there is a supermassive black hole (a million to a billion times bigger than the Sun). But how do we even know that? There are so many scientific results that have jigsaw-pieced together throughout the past century that allow us to know that now, so join me, as I go through decade by decade and explain the significance of all the results that have built up the big picture. 00:00 - Introduction 00:53 - 1900s 03:58 - 1910s 05:50 - 1920s 06:58 -1930s 09:04 - 1940s 11:00 -1950s 12:09 -1960s 17:14 - 1970s 18:38 - 1980s 19:40 - 1990s 22:12 - 2000s 23:28 - 2010s Here are links to all the papers I mentioned throughout the video, again listed by decade (note that "et al." is Latin for "and others"): Michell (1784) - https://royalsocietypublishing.org/do... Fath (1909) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Einstein (1915) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of... Schwarzschild (1916) - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Lemaître (1927) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Hubble (1929) - https://www.pnas.org/content/15/3/168 Einstein (1931; cosmological constant introduced) - http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOd... Chandrasekhar (1931) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Tolman (1939) - https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/... Oppenheimer & Volkoff (1939) https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/... Seyfert (1943) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Bolton, Stanley & Slee (1949) - https://www.nature.com/articles/164101b0 Baade & Minkowski (1954) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Burbidge (1959) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Minkowski (1960) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Giacconi (1962) - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract... Hoyle & Fowler (1963) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Schmidt (1963) - https://www.nature.com/articles/19710... Kerr (1963) - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract... Salpeter (1964) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Zel’dovich (1964) - https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19... Schmidt & Matthews (1964) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Schmidt (1965) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Penrose (1965) - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract... Hawking (1967) - https://www.jstor.org/stable/2415769?... Hewish, Bell et al. (1968) - https://www.nature.com/articles/217709a0 Lynden-Bell (1969) - https://www.nature.com/articles/223690a0 Lyden Bell & Rees (71) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Wolfe & Burbidge (1974) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Bardeen, Carter & Hawking (1973) - https://link.springer.com/article/10.... Bekenstein (1973) - https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract... Balick & Brown (1974) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Sargent et al. (1978) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Dressler (84) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Kormendy (88) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Harms et al. (1994) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Miyoshi et al. (1995) - https://www.nature.com/articles/373127a0 Urry & Padovani (1995) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/950606... Faber et al. (1997) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd... Magorrian et al. (1998) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/970807... Ferrarse & Merritt (2000) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/000605... Gebhardt et al. (2000) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/000628... Hopkins et al. (2006) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/050639... Simmons, Smethurst & Lintott (2017) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.10793.pdf Martin et al. (2018) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.09699.pdf --- 📚 My book: "Space at the Speed of Light" is now available in the USA & Canada! https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/bo... 📚 For anywhere else in the world you can buy my book here (Space: 10 Things You Should Know - same book, different title) here: http://bit.ly/SpaceDrBecky --- 👩🏽‍💻 Dr Becky Smethurst is an astrophysicist researching galaxies and supermassive black holes at Christ Church at the University of Oxford. http://drbecky.uk.com https://rebeccasmethurst.co.uk