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The 8th World Congress of Laparoscopic Surgeons (WALS 2025) witnessed an enlightening session by Dr. Shailesh Puntambekar, a globally renowned expert in laparoscopic and robotic surgery. His talk on “Changing Concepts in Pelvic Anatomy” delved into the dynamic evolution of our understanding of pelvic structures and their implications for minimally invasive surgery. Redefining Pelvic Anatomy: A Surgeon’s Perspective Traditionally, pelvic anatomy has been viewed through a rigid, textbook-based lens. However, with advancements in laparoscopy and robotics, surgeons now recognize that anatomical boundaries are more nuanced than previously thought. Dr. Puntambekar emphasized the importance of surgical anatomy over descriptive anatomy, where real-time visualization and tissue dynamics guide dissection rather than static anatomical drawings. Key Takeaways from the Session 1. The “Spaces” of the Pelvis • The identification and dissection of pelvic spaces such as the paravesical, pararectal, and presacral spaces are critical for safe and effective laparoscopic and robotic procedures. • Understanding the retzius space, Latzko’s space, and Okabayashi’s space aids in better oncological clearance during radical surgeries. 2. Neurovascular Considerations in Pelvic Surgery • The paradigm shift in pelvic anatomy emphasizes the preservation of autonomic nerves, especially in procedures like radical hysterectomy and prostatectomy. • Dr. Puntambekar highlighted the “Nerve-Sparing Concept”, which helps maintain bladder, bowel, and sexual function post-surgery. 3. Robotic Surgery and 3D Visualization • Robotic platforms have revolutionized our approach to pelvic anatomy by offering high-definition 3D visualization and magnification, allowing surgeons to see intricate structures previously missed in open surgery. 4. The Role of Peritoneal Anatomy in Gynecological and Colorectal Surgery • Dr. Puntambekar underscored the significance of peritoneal reflection and lateral pelvic ligaments, which play a pivotal role in the dissection of malignant pelvic tumors. • Understanding the posterior compartment anatomy aids in surgeries like total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer. 5. Application in Complex Laparoscopic Surgeries • With enhanced anatomical insights, laparoscopic surgeons can now perform nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy, rectal cancer resection, and deep endometriosis surgery with improved precision. • These advancements have led to better functional outcomes, reduced complications, and improved patient recovery. Conclusion Dr. Puntambekar’s talk at WALS 2025 underscored that pelvic anatomy is no longer a static discipline but an evolving concept shaped by surgical innovation. His emphasis on functional anatomy, nerve preservation, and advanced laparoscopic techniques is set to redefine how surgeons approach pelvic surgeries. With continuous advancements in technology and training, the future of pelvic surgery promises greater precision, safety, and patient-centric outcomes. As we move forward, understanding the changing concepts in pelvic anatomy will be instrumental in refining surgical techniques and ensuring superior patient care in minimally invasive surgery.