Drama and its types in english literature| Origin of Drama| Types of Drama in Hindi & Urdu скачать в хорошем качестве

Drama and its types in english literature| Origin of Drama| Types of Drama in Hindi & Urdu

In this video I have discussed one of the most important genres of literature, Drama and its Historical Development. From Greeks theatre of Athens to contemporary times drama remain one of influencing form of performing art. Firstly I have looked at etymology of word drama briefly. The word drama is derived from Greek word “draein” or “draeo” which means to do, to act or to perform. After looking at etymology it is easy to define drama. In this video I have defined drama as: “A literary form intended to be performed on stage through actions and dialogues by actors for entertainment of audience.” Then, I have discussed origin and rise of drama in English literature from ancient Greek civilization. The English drama at its initial stage developed from religious festival in 5th century Athens. They held a festival in praise of Dionysus, god of wine or fertility. Two types of theatrical performance were held at Athens. 1. Tragedy 2. Comedy Tragedy was serious drama with sad ending and destruction of hero of noble lineage and Comedy was a play which has happy ending. Work of only three Greek tragedians survive and known to us. They were 1. Aeschylus 2. Sophocles 3. Euripides Aeschylus is known as father of Greek tragedy. Sophocles was also major contributor to genre of Tragedy. On the other hand Aristophanes and Menander were important comedians of ancient Greek times. Greeks were replaced by Romans. Roman civilization adopted drama to promote religious ideas about Christianity. Two important writers of this period were Plautus and Seneca. After discussing origin and history of drama up to medieval era I have briefly looked at medieval Miracle, and mystery plays. I have defined three medieval plays as following: • Miracle Plays: Medieval Miracle plays told the stories of Catholic saints. They typically present their life stories on their miracle or martyrdom. • Example: St. John Hairy. • Mystery Plays: Mystery Plays told the key stories from the Bible—popular choice for dramatization included Adam and Eve, Noah’s Story, Abraham and Isaac. For Example York Mystery play. • Morality Plays: A Morality play is a drama that uses allegorical stories to impart a moral message. The characters are shown in personification i.e. good vs. bad, virtue vs. voice, friendship, etc. The play ends by giving moral message. After discussing them I have elaborated further types of drama such as farce, interludes, comedy, tragedy, tragicomedy, and melodrama. I have explained Farce and interludes as forms of English drama.  Farce: Farce is a type of comedy that uses exaggerated and absurd situations, physical humor, often crude or vulgar language to create humorous effect. It involves ridiculousness of character, or situation. E.g. Moliere’ “The Miser”  Interludes: Interludes were short entertainment put on between acts of other plays. They were performed at court by professional at interval. e.g. The play of whether (1533) by John Heywood  Then I have discussed tragedy in detail as Tragedy involves the ruin of leading characters. To the Greek dramatist it meant the destruction of some noble person through fate. To Shakespeare; it meant in first place death and in second place destruction of some noble person through flaw in his character.  To Aristotle: Tragedy is the imitation of an action that is serious and having magnitude , complete in itself with incidents bringing about pity and fear.  Example of Tragedy: Dr. Faustus by Marlowe, Shakespeare’ Hamlet, Macbeth, and King Lear. (10) Comedy is just opposite of tragedy. It is drama with happy ending. I have elaborated that Comedy: A play which has pleasant atmosphere and happy ending is known as comedy. It is funny and laughable in which characters are placed in humorous situation. E.g. “Twelfth Night, A Midsummer Night’s dream. I have also defined Tragicomedy that is mixture of comedy and tragedy. It has comic elements of comedy and tragic elements of tragedy. After discussing tragicomedy I have discussed History Plays. Finally I have elaborated Melodrama, which comprises a genre of theatre that emerged during 18th century. It is kind of drama that uses exaggerated characters and elements to produce strong emotional response. Key moments 0:20 Introduction 0:21 Etymology of word drama 0:36 Definition of Drama 0:50 Origin of Drama 02:36 Medieval Miracle, Mystery and Morality Plays 02:41 Miracle Plays 03:34 Mystery Plays 03:59 Morality Plays 04:37 Interludes & Farce 07:03 Tragedy 08:20 Comedy 08:47 Tragicomedy 9:56 History Plays 10:23 Melodrama