4 4 Quarter & Half Wave Plate & Optical Activity скачать в хорошем качестве

4 4 Quarter & Half Wave Plate & Optical Activity

A quarter-wave plate is a calcite crystal plate that introduces a phase difference of π/2 (or path difference of λ/4) between ordinary and extraordinary rays due to their different velocities. A half-wave plate introduces a phase difference of π (or path difference of λ/2). These plates alter the polarization state of light. Optical activity refers to the ability of certain substances like quartz and sugar to rotate the plane of polarization of plane-polarized light. This rotation depends on the substance's nature, thickness, concentration, and light wavelength. Substances may be dextrorotatory (clockwise) or laevorotatory (anticlockwise) in their rotation.