How Did Classical Greece Finally End? | The Peloponnesian Wars скачать в хорошем качестве

How Did Classical Greece Finally End? | The Peloponnesian Wars

This episode goes over the Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues, both Peloponnesian Wars, the Corinthian War, and Theban Hegemony. The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought between the Delian League, which was led by Athens, and the Peloponnesian League, which was led by Sparta. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. In the first phase, the Archidamian War, Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica, while Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast of the Peloponnese and attempted to suppress signs of unrest in its empire. This period of the war was concluded in 421 BC, with the signing of the Peace of Nicias. That treaty, however, was soon undermined by renewed fighting in the Peloponnese. In 415 BC, Athens dispatched a massive expeditionary force to attack Syracuse, Sicily; the attack failed disastrously, with the destruction of the entire force in 413 BC. This ushered in the final phase of the war, generally referred to either as the Decelean War, or the Ionian War. In this phase, Sparta, now receiving support from the Achaemenid Empire, supported rebellions in Athens's subject states in the Aegean Sea and Ionia, undermining Athens's empire, and, eventually, depriving the city of naval supremacy. The destruction of Athens's fleet in the Battle of Aegospotami effectively ended the war, and Athens surrendered in the following year. Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved, but Sparta refused. Although the term "Peloponnesian War" was never used by Thucydides, one of the conflict's most important historians, the fact that the term is all but universally used today is a reflection of the Athens-centric sympathies of modern historians. As prominent historian J. B. Bury remarks, the Peloponnesians would have considered it the "Attic War". The Peloponnesian War reshaped the ancient Greek world. On the level of international relations, Athens, the strongest city-state in Greece prior to the war's beginning, was reduced to a state of near-complete subjection, while Sparta became established as the leading power of Greece. The economic costs of the war were felt all across Greece; poverty became widespread in the Peloponnese, while Athens was completely devastated, and never regained its pre-war prosperity. The war also wrought subtler changes to Greek society; the conflict between democratic Athens and oligarchic Sparta, each of which supported friendly political factions within other states, made war a common occurrence in the Greek world. Ancient Greek warfare, meanwhile, originally a limited and formalized form of conflict, was transformed into an all-out struggle between city-states, complete with atrocities on a large scale. Shattering religious and cultural taboos, devastating vast swathes of countryside, and destroying whole cities, the Peloponnesian War marked the dramatic end to the fifth century BC and the golden age of Greece. The Peloponnesian War was followed ten years later by the Corinthian War (394–386 BC), which, although it ended inconclusively, helped Athens regain some of its former greatness. Welcome to our new MADE IN ANCIENT HISTORY series! This series is meant to be a deep dive into the Ancient and Classical periods all over the WORLD! This 2nd Chapter is called Glory of Greece, and deals with Ancient Greece from the end of its Dark Age until its Classical Age. 1. THIS VIDEO IS FROM CHAPTER 2 OF OUR MADE IN ANCIENT HISTORY SERIES Chapter 2 Playlist:    • Chapter 2: Glory of Greece | Made In Ancie...   2. CLICK HERE IF YOU'RE NEW TO HISTORY AND WANT A FEATURE LENGTH DOCUMENTARY OF THE ENTIRE HISTORY OF THE WORLD:    • History of the Entire World (Ancient, Medi...   3. Check out our WORLD DOCUMENTARY playlist (Long Form Documentaries):    • Плейлист   4. Check out our playlists by PERIOD (Short Form Documentaries):    / @madeinhistory   Please subscribe to Made In History for more videos! We are always trying to grow! 0:00 Intro 1:23 Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues 8:17 First Peloponnesian War 12:46 Second Peloponnesian War 15:52 Sicilian Expedition 20:37 Corinthian War All images used with CC license. Music used: Wizardtorium by Kevin MacLeod Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song... License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license Oppressive Gloom by Kevin MacLeod Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song... License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license