Tempietto Del Bramante / Where Saint Peter was Crucified - Rome Italy - ECTV скачать в хорошем качестве

Tempietto Del Bramante / Where Saint Peter was Crucified - Rome Italy - ECTV

Eric Clark’s Travel Videos - Rome Italy - Tempietto Del Bramante / Where Saint Peter was Crucified From Wikipedia The small temple of San Pietro in Montorio , also called Tempietto del Bramante , is a small circular building located in the center of one of the courtyards of the convent of San Pietro in Montorio in Rome , on the Janiculum hill; is located in the square of San Pietro in Montorio, 2. It is considered one of the most significant examples of Renaissance architecture , of which it exemplifies some of the fundamental themes, such as the central plan, the revival of ancient Roman architecture and proportional and geometric research in the relationship between the parts. Tempietto Del Bramante - Il tempietto di San Pietro in Montorio, detto anche Tempietto del Bramante, è una piccola costruzione a pianta circolare posta al centro di uno dei cortili del convento di San Pietro in Montorio a Roma, sul colle Gianicolo; è situato in piazza di San Pietro in Montorio, 2. Viene considerato uno degli esempi più significativi d'architettura rinascimentale, di cui esemplifica alcuni dei temi fondamentali, come la pianta centrale, la ripresa dell'architettura romana antica e la ricerca proporzionale e geometrica nel rapporto tra le parti. The building was commissioned to Bramante by the King of Spain as a dissolution of a vote. Later in the convent complex there was a Spanish congregation and even today a part of the buildings surrounding the temple are the headquarters of the Spanish Academy. Perhaps it was designed in 1502 , but there are some doubts about the years of design and construction, as some, in the absence of documentation, propose to postpone the dating around 1510 , making it be so contemporary to Bramante's major projects [1] . The small building was to celebrate the martyrdom of Saint Peter, which according to a rather late tradition had taken place precisely on the Janiculum [2] . Since the time of construction the work had great critical success; Serlio [3] ; Palladio [4] considered it worthy of appearing next to the works of the ancients and directly or indirectly influenced many successive architectural works; Vasari depicts it in a fresco in the Sala Regia . In the seventeenth century the building underwent some modifications, which included the slight raising of the dome, the modification to the lantern and the construction of stairs for access to the crypt. [5] The small temple, monoptero and periptero , has a cylindrical body, which constitutes the cell of the temple, whose masonry is hollowed out by unusually deep niches, decorated with shells, and marked by pilasters as a geometric projection of the columns of the peristyle . The building is in fact surrounded by a Tuscan-style colonnade raised on steps; on the 16 columns runs an entablature conforming to the indications that Vitruvius gave for the Doric order, with a frieze decorated with triglyphs and metopes . The columns are gray granite ; the other travertine members. The ceiling of the ambulatory is decorated with coffers. The inside of the cell has a diameter of about 4 and a half meters; more a " naos " than a space dedicated to liturgical functions; a purely symbolic and commemorative place. The cylindrical shape is somehow transformed by high and deep niches , four of which house small statues of the evangelists. On the altar is a statue of Saint Peter by an anonymous Lombard. The floor is in polychrome marble tesserae, in the Cosmatesque style , the object of a certain revival at the end of the 15th century. The space is covered with a dome , designed in cement conglomerate (in the manner of the ancients) and placed on a drum adorned with pilasters that continue those of the lower register, but lack the attributes of the architectural order. The lead coating, probably present since the construction, was restored in the 20th century , as in the nineteenth century it had been replaced by brick tiles . According to the initial plans, the small temple should have been inserted in the center of an unrealized circular courtyard (the current one is quadrangular), so as to highlight the perfect symmetry of the plant and emphasize the centrality of the temple whose structure radiated in the courtyard , projecting the 16 columns in another 16 to form a circular portico, as we can see in a reconstruction of the Serlio . This original design would have allowed the temple to be seen only from a fairly close position, giving the small building a much more imposing and massive appearance, according to a precise perspective research. [6] The construction is above a circular crypt, probably a remnant of a pre-existing building, whose center indicates the place where the cross of martyrdom would have been planted, which became the ideal axis of the whole building.