Anal Abscess and Anal Fistula | Causes | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment | Complications скачать в хорошем качестве

Anal Abscess and Anal Fistula | Causes | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment | Complications

Anal Abscess: An anal abscess is a localized collection of pus in the perianal or ischiorectal spaces, resulting from infection of the anal glands. It commonly presents with symptoms like: Severe pain and swelling around the anus Fever and malaise Tenderness or redness around the perianal area Pathophysiology: The infection starts in the anal glands at the base of the anal crypts. When these glands become obstructed or infected, it can lead to an abscess, which may eventually progress to a fistula. Diagnosis is typically clinical, with physical examination revealing fluctuance and tenderness. In some cases, imaging such as MRI or ultrasound may be needed to define the extent of the abscess. Treatment usually involves incision and drainage (I&D) of the abscess, followed by antibiotics if there is surrounding cellulitis or in immunocompromised patients. Anal Fistula: An anal fistula is an abnormal connection between the epithelialized surface of the anal canal and the perianal skin, often following an abscess. Common symptoms include: Chronic drainage of pus or blood from the external opening Recurrent pain and swelling in the perianal area Irritation or infection of the surrounding skin Pathophysiology: Fistulas form when the abscess cavity does not heal properly after drainage, leading to the formation of a tract. The type and location of the fistula can vary depending on its relationship to the anal sphincters (intersphincteric, transsphincteric, suprasphincteric, or extrasphincteric). Diagnosis: A physical exam can often identify the external opening of the fistula. Fistulography, MRI, or endoscopic ultrasound may be used to assess complex fistulas or identify secondary tracts. Treatment depends on the complexity of the fistula. Options include: Fistulotomy, the most common surgical procedure for simple fistulas Placement of a seton in cases of complex or high-risk fistulas Advanced techniques like LIFT (ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract) or fibrin glue in certain cases Both anal abscess and fistula can significantly impact patient quality of life, and prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications. 💻X(twitter): www.twitter.com/@Wil_dMed 💻Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/wildm.edici...