Every City Hit by a 9+ Intensity Earthquake in History (1902-2025) скачать в хорошем качестве

Every City Hit by a 9+ Intensity Earthquake in History (1902-2025)

Earthquake Timeline on a world map visualizes the strongest earthquakes in history with clean map animation and data visualization, comparing intensities by the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale and including notable megathrust events among the examples. This earthquake map connects key historical earthquakes across time and region for instant pattern recognition. What you’ll see: 1. A global Earthquake Timeline showing cities that were hit by Mercalli intensity IX (9) or higher. 2. Case studies: Valdivia Earthquake 1960, Mexico City Earthquake 1985, Kobe Earthquake 1995, Indian Ocean Earthquake 2004, Haiti Earthquake 2010, Tohoku Earthquake 2011 (Japan Earthquake). Important clarifications: 1. The Metric: Intensity vs. Magnitude. This visualization is based on Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI), NOT Moment Magnitude (Mw). Magnitude measures the energy released at the epicenter (e.g., 9.0 Mw). Intensity measures the severity of shaking at a specific location. Note: A high-magnitude earthquake in the middle of the ocean might produce low intensity on land. This list includes only cities that experienced actual ground shaking of Level IX or higher. 2. The Threshold: IX+. Only cities recorded with a Mercalli intensity of IX, X, XI, or XII are included. Note: Level IX is defined as "Damage considerable in specially designed structures; well-designed frame structures thrown out of plumb. Damage great in substantial buildings, with partial collapse". 3. "Destroyed Forever" Status. If a city was completely obliterated and never rebuilt (or the population was permanently relocated), it is marked on the timeline as "DESTROYED FOREVER". Note: This distinction highlights events where the urban landscape was permanently erased from history. 4. Data Filtering & Disputed Cases. To ensure accuracy, this dataset excludes disputed cases where intensity reports vary significantly between sources. Only confirmed instrumental or strongly supported macroseismic data is used. 5. Subjectivity & Curation. Historical earthquake data (especially early 20th century) can be fragmented. While I strived for 100% accuracy using available USGS and ISC catalogues, unintentional omissions are possible.