Quantum Electrodynamics QED скачать в хорошем качестве

Quantum Electrodynamics QED

The provided text is an excerpt from a book about Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), primarily focusing on Richard P. Feynman's unique and challenging explanation of the theory. The work attempts to present the difficult subject of QED to a general audience, detailing how nature behaves at the atomic level using the concept of probability amplitudes, represented by arrows which are combined (added and multiplied) to calculate the likelihood of an event. Throughout the text, the author uses familiar phenomena, such as the partial reflection of light from surfaces and the refraction of light in water, to illustrate the counter-intuitive principles of quantum mechanics, emphasizing that all paths are considered when calculating the outcome of a particle's journey. The final sections introduce the three fundamental actions of QED—a photon going from one place to another, an electron going from one place to another, and an electron emitting or absorbing a photon—and relate these principles to more complex topics like subatomic particles and the current challenges in calculating properties of strong and weak interactions. This document contains excerpts from Richard P. Feynman's book on Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), presenting a highly complex subject to a general audience with unusual directness and candor. The text outlines the core of QED, which explains nearly all natural phenomena except gravity and radioactivity, using a unique "sum over paths" method represented by arrows (probability amplitudes) that are drawn and combined to calculate the likelihood of an event. Feynman introduces three fundamental actions—a photon going from place to place, an electron going from place to place, and an electron emitting or absorbing a photon—as the "alphabet" from which all interactions are derived. The explanation progresses from familiar phenomena like light reflection and refraction to complex topics such as partial reflection from multiple surfaces, the puzzling nature of electron and photon behavior as both wave and particle, and advanced concepts like particle mass, charge renormalization, and the complexities of other fundamental forces involving quarks and gluons.