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Public Health – Health of Special Populations: By Sarah Gander M.D.

medskl.com is a global, free open access medical education (FOAMEd) project covering the fundamentals of clinical medicine with animations, lectures and concise summaries. medskl.com is working with over 170 award-winning medical school professors to provide content in 200+ clinical presentations for use in the classroom and for physician CME. Public Health – Health of Special Populations Whiteboard Animation Transcript with Sarah Gander, MD https://medskl.com/Module/Index/healt... Health equity is defined as each person in society having an equal opportunity for health. The WHO defines the social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life. These forces include economic policies and systems, development agendas, social norms, social policies and political systems. The SDOH are sometimes a secondary thought when dealing with a patient’s primary or presenting health problem. However, to provide optimal care and achieve optimal health, the social determinants must be considered in all patients and special consideration given to certain populations of patients, as they may be at more risk for adverse health outcomes. For example, poverty is not just about how much money you make. Poverty is a condition of a person who lacks the resource, means, opportunities, and power to acquire and maintain economic self-sufficiency or to integrate into and participate in society. As medical professionals, we must screen for poverty and other situations that may make our patients more vulnerable. Here are a few groups and social situations to watch out for: 1. For example, in First Nations, Inuit and Metis, we might screen for: Mental Health issues Residential school history Truth and Reconciliation/Jordan’s principle Traditional Health care practices Federal funding practices 2. In Global health and immigration, we must be aware of: Refugee versus immigrants statuses Language barriers Cultural sensitivity Traditional Health Care practices Federal funding practices Travel and disease migration/resistance patterns 3. In People with Disabilities, be aware of: Accessibility Coverage and cost of equipment and services Planning for the future 4. Homelessness/Inadequate housing/Poverty issues might include: Mental health/Substance abuse Food insecurity and Food deserts Access to Greenspace/Safe play Poor Economic growth Lack Living wage 5. We must consider some unique patients at the extremes of age including: Pre-conception/perinatal care Early childhood development Literacy challenges Seniors End of life care 6. And finally in the LBGTQ populations, screen for: Violence Mental Health Support networks/Social inclusion In general, it is important to ask patients about these factors, and create an open and safe environment to discuss their practices and beliefs.