31-05-2025 скачать в хорошем качестве

31-05-2025

VID_20250531_093258_00_051 31-05-2025 09:32 Arles, France Rue Aristide Briand Rue Fauré Rue Raspail Rdpt des Arènes 31 мая 2025 г., 9:32 Арль, Франция Улица Аристид Бриан Рю Форе Рю Распай Кольцевая развязка Арена 2025 年 5 月 31 日上午 9:32 法国阿尔勒 阿里斯蒂德白里安街 福雷街 拉斯拜尔街 阿雷内斯环岛 *Arles: Between the Marsh and the Rock* Arles is a city defined by a fundamental duality: the Marsh and the Rock. While the modern city extends into the drained lands of the Trébon and the Rhône delta, the historic core is anchored on a limestone outcrop known as l'Auture (or *l'Hauture*). This district is not merely a neighborhood; it is the geological and historical genesis of the city. *Rue Aristide Briand: A Topographical Artery* Rue Aristide Briand serves as a critical artery within this elevated topography. It does not follow the rigid imperial grid of the lower Roman city, but rather adheres to the organic and winding logic of the medieval settlement that resettled the Roman ruins. The street acts as a topographical bridge, mediating the transition between the high plateau of the Roman Amphitheater (*Arènes*) and the lower residential clusters descending toward Rue de la Bastille. *The Significance of the Slope* A defining feature of the street, cited repeatedly in local historical archives, is its gradient. The street is described as ending at the "summit of a... very dangerous slope" (*au sommet d'une pente... bien dangereuse*). This archival fragment is significant for several reasons: *Hydrological Management:* In the pre-modern city, these slopes formed the primary infrastructure for stormwater drainage. The "danger" likely referred to the velocity of water flow during the violent storms characteristic of the Mediterranean climate, necessitating durable paving solutions such as the calade (pitch stone or cobblestone paving). *Traffic Restriction:* The incline effectively isolated l'Auture from heavy commercial cart traffic, preserving a pedestrian-scale environment that persists to this day. *Defensive Utility:* Historically, the arduous ascent provided a natural defensive advantage for the inhabitants of l'Auture, the oldest inhabited district, against invasions from the lower city or the riverbanks. *From "Baralis" to "Briand": The Politics of Naming* Before the 20th century, the street was known as Rue Baralis. This referred to the Baralis family, a dynasty of local notables who held a significant residence on the street. *The Baralis House:* Located specifically at the corner of Rue Barbès (formerly Rue Trissemoutte) and Rue Port (formerly Rue des Ursulines), the "Maison Baralis" was a prominent structure. Naming the street after a resident family indicates a "proprietary" urbanism common under the *Ancien Régime*, where streets were extensions of the dominant households that occupied them. The renaming of the street to *Rue Aristide Briand* symbolizes a rupture. Aristide Briand (1862–1932), a socialist politician and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, was a giant of the French Third Republic. Arles, with its strong industrial working class (railway workshops, salt works in Salin-de-Giraud), held a steadfast socialist tradition. The municipal decision to erase the name "Baralis" (associated with the old bourgeoisie) and replace it with "Briand" (a hero of the secular Republic and international peace) was a deliberate act of political modernization. This renaming likely occurred during the interwar period, a time when municipalities across France were imprinting republican values onto the urban map to counter the rising tide of fascism and establish secular governance. *Architectural Texture and Atmosphere* The texture of the street is defined by *Pierre de Fontvieille*, the local white limestone. This stone is known for its glare but is susceptible to alveolar erosion. The buildings are relatively tall (3-4 stories) in relation to the narrow street width. This creates a "canyon effect," an adaptation that provides constant shade in summer and protects pedestrians from the biting Mistral wind characteristic of the Rhône Valley. In the 21st century, Rue Aristide Briand has become a frontier of the "heritage economy." Administrative and educational functions have vanished, replaced by high-end residential uses and tourism. The acoustics are sharp; footsteps echo on the stone, amplified by the walls of the narrow canyon. This sector feels secretive, a place of "refuge." The intersection with Rue Port, formerly *Rue des Ursulines*, points to the historical presence of an Ursuline convent. L'Auture was densely populated with religious orders, and the street likely served as a corridor for clergy and nuns, adding a layer of sacred silence to its atmosphere.