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Forest Resources and Management (ECO-G2.45)

#UPSCEnvironment #EnvironmentalScience #EnvironmentAndEcology | Forest Resources and Management: [1. Forest Cover Assessment: India State of Forest Report (ISFR), Forest Cover vs. Recorded Forest Area, Canopy density classes, Tree cover, 2. Forest Types of India: Champion & Seth Classification (16 Groups), Tropical Wet Evergreen to Alpine Scrub, Distribution, 3. Deforestation Drivers: Agriculture expansion, Infrastructure, Mining, Illegal logging, Shifting cultivation dynamics, 4. Sustainable Forest Management (SFM): Criteria and Indicators (Bhopal-India Process), Working Plans, Certification (FSC/PEFC) in India, 5. Social Forestry & JFM: Evolution, Community participation, Farm forestry, Joint Forest Management (JFM) Committees, Success/Failure, 6. REDD+: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, Role of conservation/stocks, Warsaw Framework, India’s Strategy, 7. Urban Forestry: Nagar Van Yojana, Miyawaki Method, Green belts, Ecosystem services of urban forests, 8. Bamboo and NTFP: "Green Gold", Removal from tree definition (IFA amendment), National Bamboo Mission, Tribal livelihoods]