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#Bio

Ornamental fishes of India are contributing about 1% of the total ornamental fish trade. These fishes are exported to the tune of 69.26 tons, having the value of Rupees 566.66 crores in 2014 – 15. On an average, an Annual growth rate of about 11 percent has been recorded during the period 1995 to 2014. India has great potentials in Ornamental fish production due to the presence of rich biodiversity of species, favourable climatic conditions and availability of cheap labour. Kerala, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal mainly practice ornamental fish farming in India. The ornamental species are categorized into indigenous and exotic. Availability of a vast number of native species has contributed significantly to the development of ornamental fish industry in the country. North-eastern states, West Bengal, Kerala and Tamil Nadu are blessed with potential indigenous species. About 90% of native species (85% are from northeast India) are collected and reared to meet export demand. Presently, nearly about 100 native species are reared as aquarium fish. There is also a great demand for exotic species due to its colour, shape and appearance.  More than 300 exotic species are covered in the ornamental fish trade, but a greater demand for this exists. About 200 species are bred in India. 90% of India exports go from Kolkata followed by 8% from Mumbai and 2% from Chennai. Benefits of ornamental fish rearing as a hobby It gives pleasure to young and old peopleIt enables relaxation of the mind and thereby contributes to a healthy livingChildren get to know more about nature and use their time productively.It creates a self-employment opportunity Aquariculture The culture of ornamental fishes is called as aquariculture. Ornamental fish culture is the culture of attractive, colourful fishes of various characteristics, which are reared in a confined aquatic system. Farmers and hobbyists mainly grow it.  Ornamental fishes are also known as living jewels. There are more than 30,000 fish species reported around the world, of this about 800 belong to ornamental fishes. Most of the ornamental fishes survive in freshwater. They come under eight closely related families namely, Anabantidae, Callichthyidae, Characidae, Cichlidae, Cobitidae, Cyprinodontidae, Cyprinidae and Poeciliidae. Aquarium fishes are mainly categorized into two groups namely, egg layers (oviparous) and live bearers (ovo-viviparous). Majority of aquarium species are egg layers and normally external fertilization occurs. Based on this, it is again categorized into the following types. egg scatter laying non-adhesive eggsegg scatter laying adhesive eggsegg buriersmouth incubatorsnest-builders andegg-carriers