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Indigenous Knowledge and Community Conservation (ECO-G2.58)

#UPSCEnvironment #EnvironmentalScience #EnvironmentAndEcology | Indigenous Knowledge and Community Conservation: [1. Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK): Definition, Inter-generational transfer, Adaptation strategies, Holistic worldview, 2. Sacred Ecology: Sacred Groves (Orans, Devara Kadus), Sacred species, Taboos and Totems, Conservation value, 3. Legal Recognition: FRA 2006 (CFR), PESA 1996 (Gram Sabha power), Biodiversity Act (PBRs/ABS), 4. Community Conserved Areas (CCAs): Indigenous Community Conserved Areas (ICCAs), Van Panchayats, Nagaland community forests, 5. Ethnomedicine and Agriculture: Traditional varieties, Medicinal plants, Shifting cultivation (Debates and sustainability), 6. Conflicts and Challenges: Eviction from PAs, Erosion of knowledge, Biopiracy, Development induced displacement, 7. Role in Climate Action: Indigenous resilience, Stewards of carbon sinks, Local adaptation, Representation in UNFCCC (LCIPP), 8. Case Studies: Bishnois, Soligas (Biligiri Rangaswamy), Dongria Kondh (Niyamgiri), Apatani (Zabo system)]