Major Achievements of John Howland in Pediatrics | Tamil скачать в хорошем качестве

Major Achievements of John Howland in Pediatrics | Tamil

In this video, we explore the greatest achievements of John Howland in pediatrics. John Howland, an American pediatrician, made foundational contributions to the field of pediatrics in the early 20th century, steering it toward a more scientific and academic discipline through his research and institutional leadership. His career began after graduating from the New York University School of Medicine in 1897 and included a period of working at the New York Foundling Hospital where he was influenced by the noted pediatrician Luther Emmett Holt. Following this, he spent two years, starting around 1900, studying pathology and pediatric diseases in Vienna and Berlin, which deepened his scientific perspective. Upon returning to New York in 1902, he entered private practice with Luther Emmett Holt while also teaching at several institutions. A pivotal moment in his career came in 1912 when he was appointed professor of pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and became pediatrician-in-chief and director of the newly opened Harriet Lane Home for Invalid Children at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. At this institution, Howland established the first full-time pediatric department in the United States and the first fully academic department of pediatrics in the world. This new model mandated that all faculty members work full-time and dedicate at least half of their time to research, fundamentally promoting a scientific approach to the study and treatment of children's diseases. His research focused on the major childhood illnesses of the era. A key scientific breakthrough was demonstrating with his colleague William McKim Marriott that the acidosis observed in diarrheal illnesses was caused by the excretion of bicarbonate in the stools, rather than being due to a toxin, which was a significant advancement in understanding fluid and electrolyte balance in children. Concurrently, Howland and his colleague Edwards A. Park demonstrated that tetany, a condition common in infants, was caused by alkalosis and hypocalcemia. This work provided a critical physiological explanation for the disorder. Furthermore, in his work on rickets, Howland and his colleagues showed that both hypophosphatemia (low phosphate) and hypocalcemia (low calcium) are found in the condition. He is also specifically credited with contributing to the study of rickets by demonstrating the effectiveness of cod-liver oil as a preventive measure against the disease, a simple but highly impactful clinical finding. Beyond his own research, he was highly regarded as a teacher and mentor, fostering the careers of many prominent pediatricians who went on to lead departments across the country, solidifying his legacy as an exceptional educator who trained a generation of "scientific practitioners." In conclusion, John Howland's greatest achievements include pioneering the first full-time academic pediatric department in the world at Johns Hopkins in 1912, which established research as a core mission of the specialty, and his key scientific discoveries concerning the causes and treatment of common childhood ailments like diarrheal acidosis, tetany, and rickets. His impact on institutionalizing a rigorous, scientific approach to child health continues to be recognized, as the highest honor given by the American Pediatric Society, the John Howland Award, is named after him. If you found this video informative, please like, share, and subscribe for more inspiring stories about pioneers in medicine and groundbreaking discoveries in pediatrics. Click the link below to watch the full life history of John Howland    • History of John Howland | Tamil