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The Cretaceous was the last period of the Mesozoic Era from ~145 to 66 million years ago. Life in te Cretaceous was drastically different than today. Dinosaurs dominated the terrestrial realm and huge marine reptiles dominated the oceans. Marine reptiles were later replaced by marine mammals in the Cenozoic. Smaller ocean dwellers, like ammonites were also abundant in Cretaceous oceans. Still smaller micro phytoplankton, coccolithophores, became so dominant in the Cretaceous they invented a new rock type! Coccolithophores made such thick chalk deposites during this period that the Cretaceous got its name from chalk (creta means chalk). Siliceous sponges (glass sponges), on the other hand, became less abundant because radiolarians and diatoms took so much silica from the oeans that hardly any was left over for the sponges. Reefs in cretaceous oceans were made of mollusks instead of corals or sponges. Rudists were the dominant reef builders in the Cretaceous because the ocean chemistry favored aragonite precipitation which rudists and coccolithophores secrete. Corals secrete calcite rather than aragonite, so they were not dominant reef builders until the Cenozoic when ocean conditions favored calcite again. Moving back to land, plants also underwent a major event during the Cretaceous, angiosperms, flowering plants, evolved! Angiosperms diversified along with insects in the Cretaceous and throughout the Cenozoic. Laslty, mammals remained small in the Cretaceous, but after the KPg extinction were able to come back and diversify greatly in the Cenozoic, or Age of Mammals. References: Earth System History: https://amzn.to/3v1Iy0G GEO GIRL Website: https://www.geogirlscience.com/ (visit my website to see all my courses, shop merch, learn more about me, and donate to support the channel if you'd like!) Studying for an exam? Schedule Tutoring with me: https://GEOGIRLTutoring.as.me/ Hey there, Earth enthusiast! Check my favorite Earth-friendly products: Bamboo toilet paper: https://shrsl.com/3cvku Bamboo paper towels: https://shrsl.com/3cvkw Compostable tableware: https://shrsl.com/3cvkz Compostable trash bags: https://shrsl.com/3cvl0 Bamboo cutlery + straw! : https://shrsl.com/3cwfl Eco-Friendly Tote (great for grocery shopping!): https://shrsl.com/3cwfp Reusable straws + cleaning brushes (my fav!): https://shrsl.com/3cwft Eco-friendly laundry detergent: https://shrsl.com/3cwgo Directly offset your carbon footprint with Wren: https://shrsl.com/3d0t2 (Just click link, press get started, take the free C footprint quiz, then choose how much you want to reduce your footprint by donating to the C sequestration projects they're funding!) Non-textbook books I recommend: Oxygen by D. Canfield: https://amzn.to/3gffbCL Brief history of Earth by A. Knoll: https://amzn.to/3w3hC1I Life on young planet by A. Knoll: https://amzn.to/2RBMpny Some assembly required by N. Shubin: https://amzn.to/3w1Ezm2 Your inner fish by N. Shubin: https://amzn.to/3cpw3Wb Oxygen by N. Lane: https://amzn.to/3z4FgwZ Alien Oceans by K. Hand: https://amzn.to/3clMx1l Life's Engines: https://amzn.to/3w1Nhke Tools I use as a geologist/teacher/student: Geology field notebook: https://amzn.to/3lb6dJf Geology rock hammer: https://amzn.to/3DZw8MA Geological compass: https://amzn.to/3hfbdLu Geological hand lens: https://amzn.to/3jXysM5 Camera: https://amzn.to/3l6fGRT Carbon-neutral pencil bag: https://shrsl.com/3cvjv Carbon-neutral backpack: https://shrsl.com/3cvkc 0:00 When was the Cretaceous? 0:28 Chalk forming organisms! 1:46 Glass reefs came to an end 2:28 Cretaceous plants 3:22 Reason for Angiosperm success 5:09 Cretaceous invertebrates 6:40 Rudist reefs vs coral reefs 8:00 Marine predators in the Cretaceous 9:20 Marine reptiles dominated Cretaceous oceans 11:35 Cretaceous dinosaurs 13:28 Cretaceous mammals 15:01 Related videos & references Disclaimer: Links included in this description might be affiliate links. If you purchase a product or service with the links that I provide I may receive a small commission, but there is no additional charge to you! Thank you for supporting my channel so I can continue to provide you with free content each week! And as always, let me know your topic suggestions in the comments down below!