Spleen pain, Spleen enlargement and Spleen rupture. Causes and treatment скачать в хорошем качестве

Spleen pain, Spleen enlargement and Spleen rupture. Causes and treatment

Spleen is located in the left upper part of the abdomen. Spleen has Similar in structure to a large lymph node, it acts primarily as a blood filter. Spleen removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood, which can be valuable in case of hemorrhagic shock. The spleen also serves as a secondary lymphoid organ and is the site for maturation and storage of T and B lymphocytes, playing an important role in the synthesis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) by mature B-lymphocytes. Many conditions can cause enlarged spleen also known as splenomegaly. Such conditions include: infections, liver disease and some cancers. Most urgent spleen damage is spleen rapture. Spleen may burst after an injury, such as a blow to the abdomen, a car accident, a sporting accident or broken ribs. Rupture can happen straight away or it may happen weeks after the injury. Spleen rupture is medically emergency and it bleeding can be fatal if not treated immediately. Usually enlarged spleen has no symptoms and it is found accidentally during examination. A doctor usually can't feel the spleen in an adult unless it's enlarged. In some cases Enlarged Spleen can have symptoms. Pain or fullness in the left upper belly that can spread to the left shoulder A feeling of fullness without eating or after eating a small amount because the spleen is pressing on your stomach Low red blood cells (anemia) Frequent infections Bleeding easily. Causes of enlarged Spleen. Liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatitis can cause spleen enlargement. Mechanism is, Parenchymal liver disease causes increased vascular pressure leading to an increase in spleen size. Acute or chronic infections: (bacterial endocarditis, infectious mononucleosis, HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, histiocytosis, abscess can cause spleen enlargement. Hematologic malignancies (lymphomas, leukemias, myeloproliferative disorders): Neoplastic cells cause infiltration of the spleen leading to splenomegaly. Spleen enlargement due to malignancies is rare. Also, Relatively rare causes are: Connective tissue diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Adult-onset Still's disease, and some familial autoinflammatory syndromes). Infiltrative disorders (sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, glycogen storage diseases). Also, Splenic sequestration can cause enlarged spleen. Such diseases are: pediatric sickle cell, hemolytic anemias and thalassemias. Generally Splenomegaly is considered rare condition. Diagnosis: Ultrasound is a useful imaging modality in measuring the spleen and spares the patient radiation from CT imaging. Normal spleen size measured via ultrasound is less than 13 cm superior to the inferior axis, 6 cm to 7 cm in medial to lateral axis and 5 cm to 6 cm in anterior to the posterior plane. Treatment of splenomegaly is targeted at treating the underlying disease. Patients with splenomegaly from any cause are at increased risk of splenic rupture, and increased attention must be made to protect the patient from abdominal trauma, such as contact sports. Patients who undergo splenectomy are at increased risk of infections secondary to encapsulated organisms such as Haemophilus Influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis. Vaccination against these organisms are preventive. And antibiotics if needed. By James Heilman, MD - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... By Thomas Zimmermann (THWZ) - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... By James Heilman, MD - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...