Concept of five kingdom scheme | five kingdom scheme bsc 1st semester mgsu. скачать в хорошем качестве

Concept of five kingdom scheme | five kingdom scheme bsc 1st semester mgsu.

The Five Kingdom Scheme Introduction The five kingdom classification system, proposed by R.H. Whittaker in 1969, revolutionized the way we categorize living organisms. It was a significant improvement over the earlier two-kingdom system (Plantae and Animalia) as it took into account various factors like cell structure, mode of nutrition, body organization, and reproduction. The Five Kingdoms 1. *Monera:* ( by Copland) Unicellular prokaryotic organisms (lack nucleus and membrane-bound organelles). Examples: Bacteria, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). 2. *Protista:* ( by E. Haeckle) Primarily unicellular eukaryotic organisms (have nucleus and membrane-bound organelles). Diverse group, including amoeba, diatoms, and some algae. 3. *Fungi:* ( by R.H. व्हटेकर) Eukaryotic organisms with cell walls made of chitin. Heterotrophic (obtain food from organic sources). Examples: mushrooms, molds, yeasts. 4. *Plantae:* ( c. Leniaus) Multicellular eukaryotic organisms with cell walls made of cellulose. Autotrophic (produce their own food through photosynthesis). Examples: mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms. 5. *Animalia:* ( Aristotle) Multicellular eukaryotic organisms without cell walls. Heterotrophic (obtain food by consuming other organisms). Examples: sponges, worms, insects, mammals. Basis of Classification Whittaker's classification was based on several key characteristics: *Cell structure:* Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic. *Body organization:* Unicellular vs. multicellular. *Mode of nutrition:* Autotrophic (plants) vs. heterotrophic (animals, fungi) vs. other (protists, monera). *Reproduction:* Sexual vs. asexual. *Phylogenetic relationships:* Evolutionary relationships between organisms.