Organometallics Explained: Stille Coupling, Ligands & The 18-Electron Rule скачать в хорошем качестве

Organometallics Explained: Stille Coupling, Ligands & The 18-Electron Rule

In this organic chemistry lecture, we transition from main group organometallics to transition metal catalyzed reactions, focusing on the Stille Coupling. Before diving into the reaction mechanism, we build the foundation for understanding organometallic complexes. We learn how to read a transition metal complex like cisplatin or palladium catalysts by identifying L-type vs. X-type ligands, calculating oxidation states, and determining d-electron counts. We also explain the 18-electron rule, the transition metal equivalent of the octet rule, to predict stability. Finally, we apply these tools to the Stille Coupling, breaking down the catalytic cycle into its three fundamental steps: oxidative addition, transmetallation, and reductive elimination. Timestamps 00:00 - Introduction and Learning Goals 01:05 - Anatomy of a Complex: Cisplatin Example 02:40 - Transition Metals and d-Block Electron Counting 04:30 - Ligand Types: L-Type (Neutral) vs. X-Type (Anionic) 06:35 - Calculating Oxidation States 09:30 - The 18-Electron Rule for Stability 11:20 - Electron Counting Practice: Palladium Complexes 13:30 - The Stille Coupling Reaction: Reagents & Catalysts 16:15 - Mechanism Step 1: Oxidative Addition 17:20 - Mechanism Step 2: Transmetallation (Rate Determining Step) 18:50 - Mechanism Step 3: Reductive Elimination 19:25 - The Full Catalytic Cycle 20:45 - Stereospecificity of the Stille Coupling 21:40 - Summary and Conclusion