Scientific approach | Wikipedia audio article скачать в хорошем качестве

Scientific approach | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienti... 00:00:24 1 History 00:00:48 2 Overview 00:01:12 2.1 Process 00:01:36 2.1.1 Formulation of a question 00:02:00 2.1.2 Hypothesis 00:02:24 2.1.3 Prediction 00:02:48 2.1.4 Testing 00:03:12 2.1.5 Analysis 00:03:36 2.2 DNA example 00:04:00 2.3 Other components 00:04:12 2.3.1 Replication 00:04:36 2.3.2 External review 00:05:00 2.3.3 Data recording and sharing 00:05:24 3 Scientific inquiry 00:05:48 3.1 Properties of scientific inquiry 00:06:12 3.2 Beliefs and biases 00:06:36 4 Elements of the scientific method 00:07:00 4.1 Characterizations 00:07:24 4.1.1 Uncertainty 00:07:48 4.1.2 Definition 00:08:12 4.1.3 DNA-characterizations 00:08:37 4.1.4 Another example: precession of Mercury 00:09:01 4.2 Hypothesis development 00:09:25 4.2.1 DNA-hypotheses 00:09:49 4.3 Predictions from the hypothesis 00:10:13 4.3.1 DNA-predictions 00:10:37 4.3.2 Another example: general relativity 00:11:01 4.4 Experiments 00:11:25 4.4.1 DNA-experiments 00:11:49 4.5 Evaluation and improvement 00:12:13 4.5.1 DNA-iterations 00:12:37 4.6 Confirmation 00:13:01 5 Models of scientific inquiry 00:13:13 5.1 Classical model 00:13:37 5.2 Hypothetico-deductive model 00:14:01 5.3 Pragmatic model 00:14:49 6 Science of complex systems 00:15:13 7 Communication and community 00:15:37 7.1 Peer review evaluation 00:16:01 7.2 Documentation and replication 00:16:25 7.2.1 Archiving 00:16:50 7.2.2 Data sharing 00:17:14 7.2.3 Limitations 00:17:38 7.3 Dimensions of practice 00:18:02 8 Philosophy and sociology of science 00:18:14 8.1 Analytical philosophy 00:18:38 8.2 Post-modernism and science wars 00:19:02 8.3 Anthropology 00:19:26 8.4 Role of chance in discovery 00:19:50 9 Relationship with mathematics 00:20:26 9.1 Relationship with statistics 00:20:50 10 See also 00:21:02 10.1 Problems and issues 00:21:14 10.2 History, philosophy, sociology Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: increases imagination and understanding improves your listening skills improves your own spoken accent learn while on the move reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services... Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?searc... Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.9970590059816906 Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." Socrates SUMMARY ======= The scientific method is an empirical method of acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century. It involves careful observation, applying rigorous skepticism about what is observed, given that cognitive assumptions can distort how one interprets the observation. It involves formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental and measurement-based testing of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings. These are principles of the scientific method, as distinguished from a definitive series of steps applicable to all scientific enterprises.Though diverse models for the scientific method are available, there is in general a continuous process that includes observations about the natural world. People are naturally inquisitive, so they often come up with questions about things they see or hear, and they often develop ideas or hypotheses about why things are the way they are. The best hypotheses lead to predictions that can be tested in various ways. The most conclusive testing of hypotheses comes from reasoning based on carefully controlled experimental data. Depending on how well additional tests match the predictions, the original hypothesis may require refinement, alteration, expansion or even rejection. If a particular hypothesis becomes very well supported, a general theory may be developed.Although procedures vary from one field of inquiry to another, they are frequently the same from one to another. The process of the scientific method involves making conjectures (hypotheses), deriving predictions from them as logical consequences, and then carrying out experiments or empirical observations based on those predictions. A hypothesis is a conjecture, based on knowledge obtained while seeking answers to the question. The hypothesis ...