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A brief discussion about Bone morphogenetic protein,The field of craniomaxillofacial surgery has many indications for bone regeneration and augmentation. Specific applications include extraction socket preservation, alveolar cleft grafting, and reconstruction of defects of the maxilla, mandible and cranium. Traditionally, craniofacial surgeons relied on alloplasts, xenografts, allografts, or autogenous bone to accomplish these goals. In addition, clinicians have sought to use guided bone regeneration and distraction osteogenesis to create bone in the craniofacial skeleton. Success of grafting materials varies according to the physiologic properties of osteoconduction, osteogenesis, and osteoinduction and the placement technique, surgical application, and physical characteristics of the graft.1 Small defects with adequate amounts of native bone at the margins may be satisfactorily reconstructed with an osteoconductive material.1 Osteoconductive agents support bone growth by providing a scaffold for bone apposition. Osteoinduction describes a biologic response where chemical mediators induce recipient stem cells to differentiate into mature bone forming cells, whereas osteogenesis describes the ability of the graft to produce new bone from live bone cells within the graft itself. Alloplasts serve as biologically inert space maintainers, which provide osteoconduction. Their utility is limited, however, due to inability to grow, lack of resorption, and potential for infection or extrusion.3 Mineralized or demineralized allografts supply an osteoconductive milieu and provide a varying but often limited amount of osteoinductive potential. Additional disadvantages of allografts include immunologic reactions, fear of disease transmission, and slow incorporation by creeping substitution. Autogenous grafts have long been considered the gold standard for many craniofacial bone augmentation and replacement applications. Autogenous bone provides osteogenic activity, an osteoconductive environment, and the presence of some level of cells and growth and differentiation factors resulting in osteoinduction. Autogenous grafting has shortcomings, however, such as donor site morbidity, increased operative time, insufficient quantities of available bone, and variable success rates of incorporation. The need to develop alternatives to traditional bone grafting led researchers to investigate use of osteoinductive agents in bone for de novo bone regeneration.