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nasal anatomy: the external nasal valve and the internal nasal valve. Understanding these is essential for managing nasal airflow issues. First, the external nasal valve. It’s located at the entrance of the nostril and is the narrowest point of the nasal passage. It’s formed by the lower lateral cartilage, the nasal septum, and the nasal floor. The external valve controls airflow into the nose. When this valve is weak or collapses, it can cause nasal obstruction, especially noticeable during deep breaths. Clinically, this can be assessed using the Cottle maneuver—where pulling the cheek laterally improves airflow, indicating a problem with the external valve. Now, let’s look at the internal nasal valve. This valve is deeper in the nose, between the upper lateral cartilage and the nasal septum, forming a critical angle of about 10 to 15 degrees. It’s actually the narrowest part of the entire nasal airway. A healthy internal nasal valve ensures smooth airflow, but narrowing or collapse can cause significant nasal blockage and symptoms like congestion or difficulty breathing. This can be assessed with a ‘modified Cottle maneuver’ by applying pressure to the lateral nose to see if it improves breathing. Clinically, these structures are crucial because issues with them can lead to nasal valve collapse, deviated septum, or other causes of nasal obstruction. They guide treatments like functional rhinoplasty or septoplasty to restore proper airflow. #ear #nose #throathealth