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Army and Weapons of Ancient Greece

00:00 Introduction 00:41 Athenian Army 02:46 Hoplites 07:34 Phalanx 11:30 Spartan Army 13:20 Epaminondas' Oblique Order 14:15 Peltasts 16:43 Cavalry 17:40 Fleet In this video, we explore the organization of the army in ancient Greek city-states, focusing on Athens and highlighting key innovations in other states. The Athenian army consisted of citizen militias aged 20 to 59, with mandatory military training. At 18, young men underwent a year of training, received their weapons, took an oath, and joined border patrol units for field training in their second year. The Athenian military included cavalry from the wealthiest citizens, hoplite heavy infantry, and peltast light infantry from poorer citizens. Military organization mirrored state divisions, with each phyle providing infantry and cavalry. Despite high patriotism, a weakness was the lack of unified command, as ten elected strategoi rotated command daily. The hoplites formed a phalanx, a dense formation of heavily armed infantry with large shields and spears. Their primary defensive equipment included the hoplon shield, Corinthian helmets, and muscle cuirasses. The phalanx's strength lay in its cohesion, but its vulnerability was the flanks, often protected by cavalry or natural obstacles. Peltasts, light infantry with javelins, played a significant supporting role, sometimes decisively impacting battles. The Spartan army differed by having a professional military under unified command, trained from age seven. Innovations in phalanx tactics included the Theban oblique formation by Epaminondas. Light infantry complemented the phalanx. The Athenian fleet, especially triremes, played a crucial role in military dominance, influencing Athenian democracy by empowering the poorer classes who served as rowers. #AncientGreece #army #Athens #Olmih #Spartiates #AthenianArmy #Hoplites #Phalanx #SpartanArmy