Essentials Of Medical Anatomy: Back Of The Thigh скачать в хорошем качестве

Essentials Of Medical Anatomy: Back Of The Thigh

The back of the thigh: INTRODUCTION. The posterior compartment of the thigh is also called the flexor compartment. It is incompletely separated from the medial compartment by the poorly defined posterio is a component of both these compartments r intermuscular septum. The adductor magnus. DISSECTION. Give a vertical incision on the back of intact skin left after the dissections ol gluteal region and the popliteal fossa (viii) (see Fig. 5.2). Reflect the skin and fasciae on either side. Clean the hamstring muscles and study their features from the Tables 7.1 and 7.2. Sciatic nerve was seen in the gluteal region. Identify its branches in back of thigh to each of the hamstring muscles including occasionally for the short head of biceps femoris muscle. Trace the two terminal divisions of this nerve. Separate the hamstring muscles to expose the ischial part of the composite or hybrid adductor magnus muscle. Look for insertion of adductor longus, into the linea, aspera of femur. Trace the profunda femoris vessels behind adductor longus including its perforating branches. Cutaneous Innervation. The skin over the back of the thigh is supplied by branches from the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh. . MUSCLES OF THE BACK OF THIGH. The muscles of the back of the thigh are called hamstring muscles.they are the smitendinosus,the semimembranosus, the long head of the biceps femoris, and the ischial head of the adductor magnus .the hamstrings muscle has thr following characters: a. Origin from the ischial tuberosity . b. b. Insertion into one of the bones of the leg. c. The adductor magnus reaches only up to the adductor tubercle of the femur, but is included amongst the hamstrings because the tibia. collateral ligament of the knee joint is, morphologically, the degenerated tendon of this muscle. The ligament is attached to medial epicondyle, two millimeters from the adductor tubercle. c-nerve supply form the tibial part of the sciatic nerve. d-the muscles act as flexors of the knee and extensors of the hip. The attachments hamstrings are given in Tables 7.1 and 7.2. • Hamstring muscles lying at the back of the knee can be accidently or deliberately slashed or cut. If cut, the person cannot run, as these muscles are required for extension of the hip and flexion of the knee, movements essential in walking / running. • Hamstrings have variable length. Some persons cannot touch their toes with fingers while standing straight as their hamstring muscles are rather short. • The inflammation of semimembranous bursa is called semimembranous bursatitis. The bursa becomes more prominent during extension of knee, and disappears during flexion of knee . • SCIATIC NERVE. • The sciatic nerve is the thickest nerve in the body. In its upper part, it forms a band about 2 cm wide. It begins in the pelvis and terminates at the superior angle of the popliteal fossa by dividing into the tibial and common peroneal nerves. Origin and Root Value: This is the largest branch of the sacral plexus. Its root value is L4, L5, S1, S2, S3. It is made up of two parts, the tibial part and the common peroneal part. The tibial part is formed by the ventral divisions of the anterior primary rami of L4, L5, S1, S2, S3. The common peroneal part is formed by the dorsal divisions of the anterior primary rami of L4, L5, S1, S2 . Course and Relations: 1 -In the pelvis: The nerve lies in front of the piriformis, under cover of its fascia. In the gluteal region: The sciatic nerve enters the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen. below the piriformis. It runs downwards with a slight lateral convexity, passing between the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter. It has the following relations in the gluteal region. 2 -Superficial or posterior: Gluteus maximus (see Fig. 5.14 Deep or anterior: a-body of the ischium. b-tendon of the obturator internus with the gemelli. c-qusdratusb femoris,obturator e