Class 8 Science | Chapter 12 NCERT Question Answers | How Nature Works in Harmony | Curiosity скачать в хорошем качестве

Class 8 Science | Chapter 12 NCERT Question Answers | How Nature Works in Harmony | Curiosity

Class 8 Science | Chapter 12 NCERT Question Answers | How Nature Works in Harmony | Curiosity This chapter explains how different components of nature—living organisms, non-living elements, climate factors, and natural cycles—work together like a balanced system. It highlights how plants, animals, microorganisms, soil, water, and atmosphere are interdependent and maintain ecological balance. The chapter also discusses energy flow in ecosystems, food chains, food webs, decomposition, and how human actions disturb nature’s harmony. The importance of conservation and sustainable living is emphasized to ensure that nature remains balanced for future generations. ⸻ Detailed Explanation (Easy Understanding) 1. Nature as a System Nature works like a big machine where everything has a role. All living and non-living components support each other. Biotic components include plants, animals, microbes. Abiotic components include water, air, sunlight, soil, and temperature. 2. Interdependence in Nature No organism can survive alone. Plants produce food → herbivores eat plants → carnivores eat herbivores → decomposers break down remains. This keeps nutrients cycling and prevents waste accumulation. 3. Producers, Consumers, Decomposers Producers (plants) make food via photosynthesis. Consumers depend on plants and animals for energy (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores). Decomposers (fungi, bacteria) recycle nutrients back to soil. 4. Food Chain and Food Web Energy flows from one organism to another. Example Food Chain: Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Eagle. Many food chains interlink to form a food web, which is more stable than a single chain. 5. Natural Cycles The chapter explains water cycle, nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle. These cycles show the continuous movement of matter in the environment. They maintain life and prevent imbalance. 6. Symbiosis and Cooperation Some organisms live together and benefit each other. Example: Lichen = algae + fungi. Plants depend on insects for pollination; animals depend on plants for oxygen and food. 7. Role of Humans Human activities like deforestation, pollution, and excessive resource use disturb natural balance. The chapter encourages reforestation, waste management, saving water, and protecting endangered organisms. 8. Harmony in Nature Balance exists when organisms and natural processes function smoothly. If one species is removed, the entire system can collapse. Maintaining this harmony is essential for survival of all living beings. ⸻ Keywords for Revision (Write at last page for quick recall) Nature harmony, ecosystem, biotic components, abiotic components, interdependence, producers, consumers, decomposers, food chain, food web, trophic levels, energy flow, natural cycles, water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, symbiosis, mutualism, ecological balance, biodiversity, sustainable living, conservation, deforestation, environmental disturbance, recycling, pollution control, coexistence, natural resources, respiration, photosynthesis.