ਹਲਦੀ ਰੋਕ ਕਰਕੇ ਝੋਨੇ ਦਾ ਕਿੰਨਾ ਚਾੜ ਘਟਦਾ ਹੈ Yieold loss by False smut in Paddy crop скачать в хорошем качестве

ਹਲਦੀ ਰੋਕ ਕਰਕੇ ਝੋਨੇ ਦਾ ਕਿੰਨਾ ਚਾੜ ਘਟਦਾ ਹੈ Yieold loss by False smut in Paddy crop

Yes, there can be significant yield loss from false smut on paddy, with reported losses varying widely from a few percent to over 40% depending on the region, climate, and specific rice variety. Factors like using hybrid varieties, increased nitrogen fertilizer application, and changing climatic conditions contribute to the emergence and spread of the disease, making accurate yield loss estimation crucial for effective disease management, according to sources like Frontiers in Microbiology.  Factors influencing yield loss Region and Climate:  False smut is a serious disease in many rice-growing areas, but its prevalence and the resulting yield loss can vary. Climate, particularly rainfall during the booting stage, significantly influences the incidence of the disease, according to ScienceDirect.  Rice Varieties:  The use of hybrid varieties and increased nitrogen fertilizer application are linked to the higher incidence of false smut.  Disease Stage:  The fungus infects the rice crop during the flowering stage, but the symptoms are only evident after the panicle emerges.  Observed Yield Losses High-Yielding Areas: In India, yield losses have been recorded up to 49%.  Other Studies: Globally, yield losses can range from 0.01% to over 70%, with losses reported as high as 40% in some regions.  Impact beyond yield Grain Quality:  False smut significantly impacts grain quality, affecting properties like hulling, milling, and protein content.  Toxicity:  The smut balls contain mycotoxins, which are toxic and can pose risks to food safety and animal health if consumed.  Management strategies Resistant Varieties:  Growing rice varieties that are resistant or moderately resistant to false smut can help control the disease.  Cultural Practices:  Implementing practices like crop rotation with non-susceptible crops, conservation tillage, and optimizing nitrogen application can help manage the disease.  Fungicides:  Fungicides can be used to control false smut, although high usage can lead to resistance and environmental issues.  Early Detection:  Remote sensing technologies are being developed for the detection and mapping of false smut in complex planting environments Yes, yield loss from rice false smut (caused by the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens) can range from 1-49%, with higher losses occurring in susceptible cultivars or under favorable conditions like cloudy weather and high humidity during the flowering stage. The disease leads to significant grain output loss by preventing grain filling and causing sterility in nearby kernels. Factors contributing to false smut outbreaks include the use of susceptible rice varieties, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, and favorable climatic conditions. Factors influencing the severity of false smut: Disease Severity: The percentage of infected tillers can range from 5-85%, directly impacting yield loss. Rice Cultivars: Susceptible rice varieties are more prone to the disease, leading to higher yield losses. Environmental Conditions: Cloudy weather, high relative humidity (more than 95%), temperatures between 25-30 °C, and rainy days during the flowering stage create favorable conditions for the fungus.