little britsh trip part 14 Jorvik Viking Centre in York скачать в хорошем качестве

little britsh trip part 14 Jorvik Viking Centre in York

At the world famous JORVIK Viking Centre you are standing on the site of one of the most famous and astounding discoveries of modern archaeology. Between the years 1976-81 archaeologists from York Archaeological Trust, an independent educational charity, revealed the houses, workshops and backyards of the Viking Age city of Jorvik as it stood nearly 1,000 years ago. These incredible discoveries enabled us to build JORVIK Viking Centre on the very site where the excavations had taken place, creating a groundbreaking visitor experience where you take a journey through the reconstruction of Viking Age streets and experience life as it would have been in 10th century York. With an updated ride experience and state-of-the art galleries showcasing our unique collection of Viking artefacts visit the re-imagined JORVIK Viking Centre and discover York’s fascinating Viking legacy. Discover the lives of the inhabitants of 10th-century York as you travel around the reconstruction of the city. All that you see during your visit is based on actual archaeological evidence found during the Coppergate excavation, with emphasis on recreating every detail of the experience; from the flora and fauna growing in the ground to the breeds of animals portrayed and even the splashes of natural dyes found in one of the backyards. This is truly an authentic Viking adventure. The people who lived and worked in Viking Age York came from far and wide. The city, a prosperous trading hub welcomed goods from all over the Viking world. With this wide-reaching trade came people, who brought their own customs, traditions and languages with them. Much of the detail about Jorvik comes from the excavation of four Viking-age house plots in the street of Coppergate. Up to the mid 10th century the buildings in this area of Viking-age York were single-storey structures, typically at least 7m (23ft) long by about 4.5m (14ft 9in) wide. Their size and construction is reminiscent of Anglo-Saxon buildings and is not typically Scandinavian. Upright posts set into the ground at fairly short intervals along the wall lines supported a thatched roof. The walls themselves were made of wattle withies woven horizontally in and out of stakes set between these posts. Benches of earth contained within a revetment of wattlework sometimes ran along the side walls. Each building had a very large central hearth, with edges defined using re-used Roman tile, or building stones, or lengths of wood. The floors were simply made of earth, onto which debris accumulated and into which objects were trampled. In the 960s and 970s these post and wattle buildings fell out of favour and were replaced by cellared structures in which a semi-basement was used perhaps for storage. This type of structure is well known from other 10th-and 11th-century towns in England, and seems to have been the favoured urban building form. These buildings used planks of oak and stood in two ranks along the street at Coppergate. The use of a cellar increased the usable space in these buildings, and the fact that the buildings were constructed in two ranks demonstrates that space was at a premium in the boom town that was Jorvik at this time. All the industries, for which we have evidence at Jorvik, were carried out in and around the houses-cum-workshops that stood at the street frontage of each of the plots at Coppergate. Under the Vikings, Jorvik developed as an important manufacturing centre, which supplied a wide hinterland with a range of everyday items. Raw materials flowed into Jorvik from estates in the surrounding countryside, and specialist craftsmen fabricated them into necessities for sale in their street front shops and market places. For example, the name Coppergate comes from Old Norse words signifying ‘the street of the cup-makers’, and the excavation duly exposed hundreds of wooden cores, the characteristic debris from turning wooden cups and bowls on a rotary pole-lathe. Such vessels were the normal table wares of the period, and it is clear that the cup-makers of Coppergate were mass-producing these items on a commercial scale. Evidence found around Buildings B1 and C2 point to these being workshops for wood workers. However, this was not the only trade being practised on the four plots in Coppergate in the 10th century. Metal workers were producing iron objects such as knives, dress accessories, tools and a host of other items, as well as working in gold and silver, and making cheap jewellery in lead or copper alloy. The excavations produced evidence of the entire process of metal working from ores, metal-separating trays, crucibles and moulds, through to the finished articles. These items, in addition to the waste products in the form of dribbles, off-cuts and failed castings, indicate the presence of a blacksmith’s workshop on the site, and a non-ferrous metal (metals without iron) working workshop as well.