2025 Khyentse Lecture скачать в хорошем качестве

2025 Khyentse Lecture

2025 Khyentse Lecture: The First Prāsaṅgikas: What newly discovered texts reveal about early Tibetan Madhyamaka Speaker: Kevin Vose Ph.D | Walter G. Mason Associate Professor of Religious Studies at William & Mary. February 13, 2025 Maude Fife, 315 Wheeler Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 Sponsor: Center for Buddhist Studies, UC Berkeley Video segments: 00:00 Start 00:00:14 Welcome Introduction and Khyentse Award Ceremony - Jacob Dalton Ph.D | UC Berkeley 00:10:48 Speaker: Kevin Vose Ph.D | Walter G. Mason Associate Professor of Religious Studies at William & Mary 01:21:21 Discussion: The discovery of the 5th Dalai Lama’s library in the “Arhats’ Temple” of Drepung Monastery has dramatically improved our knowledge of the transmission of Candrakīrti’s Madhyamaka to Tibet. Previously known only from brief references from later Tibetan scholars, we now have access for the first time in centuries to texts from the foundational figures in promoting Candrakīrti’s views. We have two significant compositions from Patsab Nyimadrak (Pa tshab Nyi ma grags, c. 1070-1145), translator of Candrakīrti’s major works: his “Difficult Points” commentary on Candrakīrti’s Prasannapadā is the earliest known commentary on that text; his commentary on Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā is the earliest known Tibetan commentary on it. Additionally, we have texts from three of Patsap’s disciples: Shang Thangsakpa (Zhang thang sag pa ʼByung gnas ye shes) wrote the first complete commentary on the Prasannapadā, while Khutön Dodébar (Khu ston mDo sde ʼbar) and Mabja Jangchup Tsöndrü (rMa bya Byang chub brtson ʼgrus, d. 1185) composed independent Madhyamaka treatises, in addition to Mabja’s long-available commentary to the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. These works provide a picture of how Candrakīrti’s earliest supporters, the first Prāsaṅgikas, advanced his Madhyamaka views—a picture that differs substantially from the perspectives of later Tibetan scholars. Patsab and his disciples read Candrakīrti’s use of arguments by “consequence” (prasaṅga) as the first step of a re-imagined Mahāyāna Buddhist path, replacing inferential knowledge of emptiness and culminating in the cessation of consciousness. Unlike the near-universal esteem in which Candrakīrti was held by later Tibetan scholars, twelfth-century Tibetan thinkers were not always impressed. A number of newly discovered volumes, particularly those from the lineage of Ngok Lotsawa (rNgog Blo ldan shes rab, 1059-1109), offer trenchant criticism of the new Prāsaṅgika movement, defending instead the views of Śāntideva, Jñānagarbha, Śāntarakṣita, and Kamalaśīla. Collectively, these volumes allow us to see the debates that split Tibetan Madhyamaka into Prāsaṅgika and Svātantrika interpretations. Kevin Vose is the Walter G. Mason Associate Professor of Religious Studies at William & Mary. He is the author of Splitting the Middle: A Natural History of Middle Way Reasoning (forthcoming in Wisdom Publications’ Studies in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism series), Resurrecting Candrakīrti: Disputes in the Tibetan Creation of Prāsaṅgika (2009) and several articles on the transmission of Sanskrit Buddhist philosophical traditions from India to Tibet and the formation of Tibetan Buddhist scholastic traditions. His work focuses in particular on the Collected Works of the Kadampas (bKa’ gdams gsung ʼbum), a reproduced collection of mostly 11th - 13th century Tibetan manuscripts culled from the discovery of one of the few libraries to survive the Cultural Revolution in Tibet and that provide a wealth of information on the formative period of Tibetan Buddhism. From this collection, he and Pascale Hugon of the Austrian Academy of Sciences are preparing an edition and translation of Gyamarwa’s Essence of the Middle Way (rGya dmar ba, dBu ma de kho na nyid).