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1: Which of the following Quantity do not change during refraction of light? (a) its direction (b) its speed (c) its frequency (d) its wavelength 2: A converging mirror with a radius of 20 cm creates a real image 30 cm from mirror. What is the object distance? (a) -5.0cm (b) -7.5cm (c) -15cm (d) -20cm 3: An object is placed at the centre of curvature of a concave mirror. The image is produced by: (a) out beyond the centre of curvature (b) at the centre of curvature (c) b/w the centre of curvature and the focal point (d) at the focal point 4: An object is 14 cm in front of convex mirror. The image is 5.5 cm behind the mirror. What is focal length? (a) -4.1 cm (b) -8.2 cm (c) -9.9 cm (d) -20 cm 5: The index for refraction depends on:- (a) the focal length (b) the speed light (c) the image distance (d) the object distance 6: Which type of image is formed by a convex lens on a screen: (a) inverted and real (b) inverted and virtual (c) upright and real (d) upright and virtual 7: Which type of image is produced by the converging lens of human eye if it views distant objects? (a) real, erect, same size (b) real, inverted, diminished (c) virtual, erect, diminished (d) virtual, erected, magnified 8: Image is formed by camera is (a) real, inverted and diminished (b) virtual, upright and diminished (c) virtual, upright and magnified (d) real, inverted and magnified 9: If a ray of light in glass is incident on an air surface at an angle greater than the critical angle, the ray will be: (a) refract only (b) reflect only (c) partially refract and partially reflect (d) diffract only 10: The critical angle for a beam of light passing from water into air is 48.8 degrees. This means that all light rays will an angle of incidence greater than this angle will be: (a) absorbed (b) totally reflected (c) partially reflected and partially transmitted (d) totally transmitted 12.1 What do you understand by reflection of light? Draw a diagram to illustrate reflection at a plane surface. 12.2 Describe the following terms used in reflection: (i) normal (ii) angle of incidence (iii) angle of reflection 12.3 State laws of reflection. Describe how they can be verified graphically. 12.4 Define refraction of light. Describe the passage of light through parallel-sided transparent material. 12.5 Define the following terms used in refraction. (i) angle of incidence (ii) angle of refraction 12.6 What is meant by refractive index of a material? How would you determine the refractive index of a rectangular glass slab? 12.7 State the laws of refraction of light and show how they may be verified using rectangular glass slab and pins. 12.8 What is meant by the term total internal reflection? 12.9 State the conditions for total internal reflection. 12.10 What is critical angle? Derive a relationship between the critical angle and the refractive index of a substance. 12.11 What are optical fibres? Describe how total internal reflection is used in light propagating through optical fibres. 12.12 Define the following terms applied to a lens: (i) principal axis (ii) optical centre (iii) focal length 12.13 What is meant by the principal focus of a (a) convex lens (b) concave lens? Illustrate your answer with ray diagram. 12.14 Describe how light is refracted through convex lens. 12.15 With the help of a ray diagram, how you can show the use of thin converging lens as a magnifying glass. 12.16 A coin placed at a focal point of a converging lens. Is an image formed? What is its nature? 12.17 What are the differences between real and virtual images? 12.18 How does a converging lens form a virtual image of a real object? How does a diverging lens can form a real image of a real object? 12.19 Define power of a lens and its units. 12.20 Describe the passage of light through a glass prism and measure the angle of deviation. 12.21 Define the terms resolving power and magnifying power. 12.22 Draw the ray diagrams of (i) simple microscope (ii) compound microscope (iii) refracting telescope 12.23 Mention the magnifying powers of the following optical instruments: (i) simple microscope (ii) compound microscope (iii) refracting telescope 12.24 Draw ray diagram to show the formation of images in the normal human eye. 12.25 What is meant by the terms nearsightedness and farsightedness? How can these defects be corrected? 12.1 A man raises his left hand in a plane mirror, the image facing him is raising his right hand. Explain why? 12.2 In your own words, explain why light waves are refracted at a boundary between two materials. 12.3 Explain why a fish under water appears to be at a different depth below the surface than it actually is. Does it appear deeper or shallower? 12.4 Why or why not concave mirrors are suitable for makeup?