독일의 역사 (german history) скачать в хорошем качестве

독일의 역사 (german history)

german history Germany's history is made up of diverse and complex events over a very long period of time. Let me give you a brief overview here. ancient times The ancient era encompasses a very long history and is divided into various cultures and historical trends, which can be broadly divided into prehistory, the influence of the ancient Roman era, and the migration of peoples. 1. Prehistory This period spans from the Paleolithic Age to the Bronze and Iron Ages and includes the period before people settled down and began farming. During this time, nomadic hunters and gatherers lived across the continent. 2. Bronze Age - Beginning around 2000 BC, people began making bronze tools, weapons, and accessories. This period saw important cultural developments such as the Nordic Bronze Age. 3. Iron Age - With the introduction of iron, society and technology advanced greatly. During this period, foreign tribes such as the Celts and Germanic tribes appeared. 4. Influence of the Roman Empire - In the late 1st century BC, the Roman Empire expanded across the Rhine River and influenced what is now Germany. The Romans had a significant impact on the local community, establishing military bases and building road networks. 5. Germanic Period - After the influence of the Roman Empire weakened, various Germanic tribes began to emerge as major powers in the region. They would later lay the foundations of the Frankish Kingdom. 6. Great Migration (Völkerwanderung) From the late 300s to the 500s, many peoples migrated throughout Europe. During this period, Germanic tribes, Nurmandi tribes, Vikings, etc. were active and contributed greatly to the historical trend. The history of ancient Germany continued into broader historical events as it transitioned into the Middle Ages, and one of the castle states formed after the collapse of the Frankish Kingdom eventually became the beginning of today's German state. middle age The Middle Ages roughly refers to the period from the late 5th century to the late 15th century, which began after the collapse of the ancient Roman Empire and is divided into the Early Middle Ages, the Ancient Middle Ages, and the Late Middle Ages. Early Middle Ages (ca. 500 - 1000): The early Middle Ages are often described as the 'Dark Ages', characterized by the migration of many peoples and the resulting political changes. Various Germanic tribes moved into the territory of the Roman Empire and established several kingdoms, of which the establishment of the Frankish kingdom can be said to be the most important. The Frankish kingdom was later succeeded by the Carolingian dynasty, and under Charlemagne (742-814) Europe was briefly unified and then divided again. During this time, Christianity spread throughout Europe and began to exert significant influence. Ancient Middle Ages (ca. 1000 - 1300): There was relative peace during this period, and cities began to grow as trade expanded. With the formation of the Holy Roman Empire, Germany was divided into numerous small states rather than specific regions having a centralized authority. The Holy Roman Empire was a unique federal structure in which each local monarch ruled its own territory independently. The Crusades were also underway during this period, which had a major impact on politics, economy, and culture throughout Europe. Late Middle Ages (ca. 1300 - 1500): The late Middle Ages was a complex period of simultaneous political division, economic change, and social change. At the end of the 14th century, the Black Death swept across Europe, killing a significant portion of the population. The resulting labor shortage brought about major changes in the social and economic structure, leading to the weakening of serfdom and the strengthening of the urban economy. In the 15th century, Gutenberg's invention of printing laid the foundation for the rapid spread of culture and learning. Also during this period, unity within the Holy Roman Empire became increasingly weaker, and conflicts between various local monarchies became frequent. modern era The modern era, commonly referred to as the early modern period, roughly spans from 1500 to 1800. This period in Germany was a period of very colorful change, with many important events and trends. 1. Reformation (1517 - 1648) Martin Luther: In 1517, Martin Luther publicly published the '95 Theses', sparking a religious reformation against the Roman Catholic Church. This led to the birth of the Protestant sect. German Peasant War: A German peasant revolt occurred in 1524, but failed in 1525. Religious Wars and Peace: Afterwards, several religious wars broke out, and in 1555, the Religious Peace of Augsburg was concluded, which recognized the right of German princes to choose Catholicism or Lutheranism as the state religion within their territory.