Sarcomas Explained: Understanding These Rare Malignant Tumors скачать в хорошем качестве

Sarcomas Explained: Understanding These Rare Malignant Tumors

Sarcomas are rare malignant tumors that arise from connective and supporting tissue. Because they are so uncommon, many patients have never heard of the term before. Early detection is often difficult, as sarcomas can initially appear as harmless lumps or swellings. Professor Dr. Hohenberger is a recognized expert in the field of sarcomas and played a key role in establishing the Sarcoma Center in Mannheim. In this interview, he provides a clear and accessible overview of this rare type of cancer, how it is detected, and the best available treatment options. Due to their rarity, specialized diagnostics are essential. Treatment typically involves a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and in certain cases, chemotherapy. A dedicated sarcoma center offers the best care, as experts from different medical disciplines work closely together. With Prof. Dr. Hohenberger (University Hospital Mannheim) and Karin Strube (Strube Foundation) A film by the Strube Foundation in cooperation with the German Sarcoma Foundation. With patient advocacy provided by Susanne Gutermuth and Odette Helbig. Coordinated by Katja Winter. What are sarcomas? Sarcomas are a rare form of cancer that develop in connective tissues. They can occur in various types of tissue, including: Bone (e.g., osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma) Muscle (e.g., rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma) Fat tissue (liposarcoma) Blood vessels (angiosarcoma) Nerves (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors) Organs such as the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal stromal tumors, or GISTs) Sarcomas can appear virtually anywhere in the body. They are generally rare, with some subtypes more common in children and adolescents, and others more likely to occur in older adults. For example, bone sarcomas tend to affect younger individuals, while soft tissue sarcomas are more frequently diagnosed later in life. Causes and Risk Factors The exact causes of sarcomas are often unknown. However, a few risk factors are recognized: Genetic predisposition (e.g., Li-Fraumeni syndrome) Radiation exposure, such as after cancer treatment UV radiation, particularly in angiosarcomas of the skin Unlike many other cancers, there are no clear links to smoking or diet. Diagnosis: Why Is a Specialized Center Important? Sarcomas are often diagnosed late because they can be mistaken for benign swellings. Important diagnostic tools include: Imaging techniques (MRI, CT) for accurate localization Biopsy to examine the tissue microscopically An incorrect or incomplete diagnosis can make treatment more difficult. That’s why it’s crucial to consult a sarcoma center early on. There, specialists from surgery, radiology, pathology, and oncology work together in a coordinated approach. Treatment Options The primary treatment is surgical removal of the tumor. The treatment strategy depends on the sarcoma type and how aggressive it is: Surgery: The goal is complete removal of the tumor. Radiation therapy: Often used in aggressive tumors alongside surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence. Chemotherapy: Not always necessary, but important for certain types of sarcomas. Immunotherapy: Still under research and not yet as established as in other cancer types. It is important for patients to be well-informed and to seek a second opinion if they are uncertain about their diagnosis or treatment plan. Where Can Patients Find Help and Support? Because sarcomas are so rare, connecting with others affected can be very helpful. There are dedicated patient organizations like the German Sarcoma Foundation, which offer information and networking opportunities. Summary Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial. Patients should consult a specialized sarcoma center to receive the best possible treatment. An interdisciplinary team ensures optimal care and long-term follow-up. Timeline: 0:00 Introduction 0:50 What are sarcomas? 2:15 Differences between sarcomas and carcinomas 3:02 Various types of sarcomas 8:27 Main groups: soft tissue and bone sarcomas 10:39 Incidence of sarcomas 13:12 Risk factors for sarcomas 14:49 Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy 17:25 Immunotherapy 18:41 Key diagnostic steps 22:04 Why a sarcoma center is so important 25:33 Support and networking for sarcoma patients