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Скачать с ютуб 🚀 The Rise & Fall of the Zhou Dynasty | Mandate of Heaven & Ancient China’s Philosophies в хорошем качестве

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🚀 The Rise & Fall of the Zhou Dynasty | Mandate of Heaven & Ancient China’s Philosophies

Zhou Dynasty (1046 BCE - 256 BCE) The Zhou Dynasty was one of the most significant dynasties in Chinese history. It was established in 1046 BCE after the fall of the Shang Dynasty and ruled for nearly 800 years. During this period, China’s political, cultural, and philosophical foundations were laid. The Mandate of Heaven (天命 - Tiānmìng) and Governance One of the most important concepts introduced by the Zhou Dynasty was the “Mandate of Heaven” (Tiānmìng). According to this belief, a ruler’s power was a divine right granted by Heaven. However, this mandate was not absolute—if a ruler was unjust or weak, the mandate could be revoked, justifying the rise of a new dynasty. This idea became a key principle in Chinese history, explaining the cycle of dynastic changes. Philosophical Developments The Zhou Dynasty was a period of great philosophical and intellectual progress, leading to the emergence of two major schools of thought: Confucianism: Developed by Confucius (孔子, Kǒngzǐ) in the 6th century BCE, Confucianism emphasized morality, virtue, family values, and merit-based governance. Taoism: Founded by Laozi (老子, Lǎozǐ), Taoism promoted harmony with nature and the principle of "Wu Wei" (无为 - non-action or effortless action). These two philosophies, born during the Zhou period, continued to influence Chinese culture and governance for centuries. Decline and the Warring States Period The power of the Zhou Dynasty began to decline in the 8th century BCE. In 770 BCE, the fall of Western Zhou led to the relocation of the capital, marking the beginning of the Eastern Zhou Period (770 BCE - 256 BCE). However, during this era, the central authority weakened, and local feudal lords became increasingly independent. This instability led to the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BCE - 476 BCE) and eventually the Warring States Period (475 BCE - 221 BCE), during which seven major states continuously fought for dominance. Finally, in 221 BCE, the Qin Dynasty emerged victorious, unifying China under a centralized government. Conclusion The Zhou Dynasty played a crucial role in shaping China’s cultural and philosophical legacy, but over time, it weakened, paving the way for new political powers to rise.

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