Essentials Of Medical Anatomy: Spleen, Pancreas and Liver скачать в хорошем качестве

Essentials Of Medical Anatomy: Spleen, Pancreas and Liver

Spleen, Pancreas and Liver. The lecture file is written on my blog site on this site: https://www.blogger.com/blog/posts/32... INTRODUCTION: Spleen (Greek splen and Latin Lien) is a lymphatic organ connected to the blood vascular system. It acts as a filter for blood and plays an important role in the immune responses of the body. SPLEEN: DISSECTION. Locate the spleen situated deep in the left hypochondrium. The gastrophrenic ligament has already been cut during removal of stomach. Now cut through the posteriorly placed lienorenal ligament taking care of the splenic vessels contained therein. See the close relation of spleen to the left costodiaphragmatic recess and the left lung. Identify the viscera related to the spleen, e.g. stomach, tail of pancreas, left kidney and splenic flexure of colon. Trace the branches of splenic artery into the substance of spleen as far as possible. Cut the phrenicocolic ligament of peritoneum and deliver the spleen from the abdominal cavity. Location: The spleen (Latin low spirits) is a wedge-shaped organ lying mainly in the left hypochondrium, and partly in the epigastrium. It is wedged in between the fundus of the stomach and the diaphragm. The spleen is tetrahedral in shape . Dimensions. The spleen is soft, highly vascular and dark purple in colour. The size and weight of the spleen are markedly variable. On an average the spleen is 1 inch or 2.5 cm thick, 3 inches or 7.5 cm broad, 5 inches or 12.5 cm long, 7 ounces in weight, and is related to 9th to 11th ribs. The odd numbers are 1, 3, 5 are 7, 9, 11. Normally, the spleen is not palpable. Position (Axis of Spleen). THE SPLEEN LIES Obliquely along axis of the 10th rib. Thus it is directed downwards, forwards and laterally, making an angle of about 45 degrees with the horizontal plane . EXTERNAL FEATURES. The spleen has two ends, three borders and two surfaces and 2 angles and hilum. Two Ends. The anterior or lateral end is expanded and is more like a border. It is directed downwards and forwards, and reaches the midaxillary line. The posterior or medial end is rounded. It is directed upwards, backwards and medially, and rests on the upper pole of the left kidney. Three Borders. The superior border is characteristically notched near the anterior end. The anterior border is rounded. The intermediate horder is also rounded and is directed to the right. Two Surfaces. The diaphragmatic surface is convex and smooth. Two Angles. Anterobasal angle: It is the junction of superior border with lateral or anterior end. It is the most forward projecting part of spleen. When spleen is enlarged, this Is felt firest,so this is called as clinical of spleen. Posterobasal angle: Junction of inferior border with lateral or anterior end of spleen. Hilum. Hilum lies between superior and intermediate borders. It is pierce by branches and tributaries of splenic vessels. Relations. Peritoneal relations. The spleen is surrounded by peritoneum,and is suspended by following ligaments. l The gastrosplenic ligament extends from the hilum of the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach. It contains the short gastric vessels and associated lymphatics and sympathetic nerves . 2-The lienorenal ligament extends from the hilum of the spleen to the anterior surface of the left kidney. It contains the tail of the pancreas, the splenic vessels, lymphatics and sympathetic nerves. 3-the phernicocolic ligament is not attached to the spleen, but supports its anterior end. It is a horizontal fold of peritoneum extending from the splenic flexure of colon to the diaphragm opposite the 11th rib in the midaxillary line. It limits the upper end of the left paracolic gutter . visceral reletions. Visceral surface: The visceral surface is related to the fundus of the stomach, the anterior surface of the left kidney, the splenic flexure of the colon and the tail of the pancreas . The ga5tfic impression, for the fundus of the stomach, lies between the superior and intermediate borders. It is the largest and most concave impression on the spleen . The renal impression, for the left kidney, lies between the inferior and intermediate borders. The colic impressions, for the splenic flexure of the colon, occupies a triangular area adjoining the anterior end of spleen.it`s lower part is related to the phernicocolic ligament. The pancreatic impression, for the tail of the pancreas, lies between the hilum and the colic impression. The hilum lies on the iriferomedial part of the gastric impression along the long axis of the spleen. It transmits the splenic vessels and nerves, and provides attachment to the gastrosplenic and lienorenal ligaments.