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Welcome to Software Interview Prep! Our channel is dedicated to helping software engineers prepare for coding interviews and land their dream jobs. We provide expert tips and insights on everything from data structures and algorithms to system design and behavioral questions. Whether you're just starting out in your coding career or you're a seasoned pro looking to sharpen your skills, our videos will help you ace your next coding interview. Join our community of aspiring engineers and let's conquer the tech interview together! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A GraphQL schema is a core concept that defines the shape of your data and the operations that can be performed on that data in a GraphQL API. It serves as a contract between the client and the server, dictating how clients can access the data. The schema is written using GraphQL's Schema Definition Language (SDL). Here are the key components of a GraphQL schema: 1. *Types and Fields* *Object Types:* These are the basic components in a GraphQL schema, representing a kind of object you can fetch from your service, and what fields it has. *Example:* ```graphql type User { id: ID! name: String email: String } ``` *Scalar Types:* These are primitive data types like `Int`, `Float`, `String`, `Boolean`, and `ID`. 2. *Queries* Queries are used to fetch data. The `Query` type is the entry point for these operations. *Example:* ```graphql type Query { users: [User] user(id: ID!): User } ``` 3. *Mutations* Mutations are used to modify data (create, update, delete). The `Mutation` type is the entry point for these operations. *Example:* ```graphql type Mutation { createUser(name: String!, email: String!): User } ``` 4. *Subscriptions* Subscriptions allow clients to subscribe to real-time updates. *Example:* ```graphql type Subscription { userAdded: User } ``` 5. *Resolvers* While not part of the schema definition in SDL, resolvers are functions that generate a response for a field in the schema. Each field on each type is backed by a resolver that is responsible for returning the data for that field. 6. *Input Types* Input types are special types used in mutations to pass complex objects. *Example:* ```graphql input CreateUserInput { name: String! email: String! } type Mutation { createUser(input: CreateUserInput): User } ``` 7. *Enums and Interfaces* *Enums* are a way to restrict a field to have one of a predetermined set of values. *Interfaces* are abstract types that define a set of fields; Object types can then implement these interfaces. Benefits of a GraphQL Schema *Strong Typing:* GraphQL's type system ensures that the data conforms to a specific structure. *Self-documenting:* The schema serves as a reference for what queries, mutations, and types are available. *Validation and Introspection:* The schema allows GraphQL to validate queries against the schema and enables powerful introspection capabilities. The GraphQL schema is central to the functionality of a GraphQL API, defining how clients can interact with the data and ensuring that the data conforms to a specified structure.