藝苑掇英 Max Beckmann 馬克斯·貝克曼 (1884-1950) Expressionism New Objectivity German скачать в хорошем качестве

藝苑掇英 Max Beckmann 馬克斯·貝克曼 (1884-1950) Expressionism New Objectivity German

tonykwk39@gmail.com Max Beckmann Leipzig 1884-1950) The German painter Max Beckmann was born in Leipzig on February 12, 1884. Against strong opposition from his family, he pursues a career as an artist. His application at the Dresden Art Academy is turned down, however, he is accepted into the Weimar Saxon-Grand Ducal Art School as of 1900. The En plein air painting which is taught there, geared at French Impressionism, makes the academy one of Gemany's most progressive art schools. Among his teachers is the Norwegian painter Carl Frithjof Smith. He goes to Paris in 1903 to study at the private Académie Colarossi. The paintings originating from those days in Paris were almost entirely destroyed by Beckmann. As of 1904 he lives in Berlin. In 1906 he shows works at the exhibition of the Berlin Secession in Weimar and is awarded the honorary prize of the German Artists Union, which grants him a scholarship at the Villa Romana in Florence. Beckmann joins the Berlin Secession in 1907, in 1914 he is a founding member of the Free Secession, as he is a strong advocate of German Impressionism. World War I has a decisive impact on Max Beckmann's work. As a volunteer paramedic he is touched by what he sees at the front so deeply that he suffers a mental breakdown and is suspended from military service. He changes his style from Impressionism to Expressionism around 1916, the painting style more and more serves the purpose of the content. A characteristic feature is Beckmann's critical and ironic approach. The content of his pictures, that are charged with a subjective symbolism, becomes more cryptic and complex. His artistic breakthrough comes in the 1920s. Numerous exhibitions take place in big cities all over Europe. The gallery owners Israel Ber Neumann, Günther Franke and Peter Zingler represent him. Reinhard Piper publishes several books illustrated by Max Beckmann. The first extensive monography is released in 1924. He teaches a master class at the Frankfurt Städelschule in 1925. A large retrospective takes place at the Mannheim Kunsthalle in 1928. Max Beckmann is awarded the "Reichsehrenpreis Deutscher Kunst" (Honorary Prize of German Art) and receives the gold medal of the city of Düsseldorf for the painting "Großes Stillleben mit Fernrohr" (Large Still Life with Telescope) from 1927. His meteoric success is suddenly interrupted when the National Socialists take over power in 1933. Beckmann is suspended from the Städelschule. The Beckmann hall in the Kronprinzenpalais of the National Gallery is emptied, a planned exhibition in Erfurt is cancelled. Max Beckmann is stigmatized as a degenerate artist, he flees to Amsterdam in 1937. He takes on a post at the Washington University Art School in St. Louis in 1947 and teaches at the Art School of the Brooklyn Museum in New York as of 1949. Max Beckmann dies in New York on December 27, 1950. Max Beckmann Leipzig 馬克斯·貝克曼萊·比錫1884-1950）德國畫家馬克斯·貝克曼於1884年2月12日出生在萊比錫。在家人的強烈反對下，他追求藝術家的職業生涯。他在德累斯頓藝術學院的申請被拒絕了，然而，他在1900年被接納到魏瑪撒克遜 - 大公國藝術學校。在那裡教授的En plein空氣畫，面向法國印象派，使得學院成為Gemany的學院之一。最先進的藝術學校。他的老師中有挪威畫家Carl Frithjof Smith。 他於1903年前往巴黎，在AcadémieColarossi私人學習。來自巴黎那些日子的畫作幾乎完全被貝克曼摧毀。 自1904年起，他住在柏林。 1906年，他在魏瑪的柏林分裂展覽會上展出作品，並獲得德國藝術家聯盟的榮譽獎，該獎項授予他在佛羅倫薩Villa Romana的獎學金。貝克曼於1907年加入柏林分裂國家，1914年他是自由分裂國家的創始成員，因為他是德國印象派的堅定擁護者。 第一次世界大戰對馬克斯貝克曼的工作產生了決定性的影響。作為一名志願者護理人員，他被前面所看到的內容深深打動，以至於他精神崩潰並暫停服兵役。 他在1916年左右將他的風格從印象派轉變為表現主義，繪畫風格越來越符合內容的目的。特徵是貝克曼的批判和諷刺方法。他的圖片內容充滿了主觀的象徵意義，變得更加神秘和復雜。 他的藝術突破發生在20世紀20年代。在歐洲各大城市舉辦了許多展覽。畫廊老闆以色列人Ber Neumann，GüntherFranke和Peter Zingler代表他。萊因哈德派珀出版了馬克斯貝克曼所展示的幾本書。第一部廣泛的專題論文於1924年發行。 他於1925年在法蘭克福Städelschule教授大師班。1928年在曼海姆藝術館舉辦大型回顧活動.Max Beckmann被授予“Reichsehrenpreis Deutscher Kunst”（德國藝術榮譽獎），並獲得該市的金獎。杜塞爾多夫從1927年開始繪畫“GroßesHastlebenmit Fernrohr”（大型靜物與望遠鏡）。 當國家社會黨在1933年接管權力時，他的迅速成功突然中斷。貝克曼被禁止進入Städelschule。國家美術館Kronprinzenpalais的Beckmann大廳被清空，愛爾福特的計劃展覽被取消。 Max Beckmann被誣衊為墮落藝術家，於1937年逃往阿姆斯特丹。 他於1947年在聖路易斯華盛頓大學藝術學院任職，並於1949年在紐約布魯克林藝術學院任教。 馬克斯·貝克曼於1950年12月27日在紐約去世。