Improper fusion of the mullerian And paramesonephric ducts causing Müllerian anomalies скачать в хорошем качестве

Improper fusion of the mullerian And paramesonephric ducts causing Müllerian anomalies

Improper fusion of the Müllerian (paramesonephric) ducts during embryonic development leads to a spectrum of congenital anomalies of the female reproductive tract, collectively known as Müllerian anomalies. These result from failure in one or more of the following key processes: 🧬 Normal Development Recap The Müllerian ducts form around week 6 of gestation and normally: Develop bilaterally Fuse in the midline to form the uterus, cervix, and upper vagina Canalize to create a single uterine cavity and vaginal canal ❌ Types of Improper Fusion and Their Consequences Type of Defect Resulting Anomaly Description Failure of fusion Uterine didelphys Two separate uteri and cervices; often with a longitudinal vaginal septum Incomplete fusion Bicornuate uterus Single cervix with a uterus that has two horns Failure of canalization Septate uterus Normal external uterus but internal septum dividing the cavity Unilateral duct development Unicornuate uterus One-sided uterine development; may have a rudimentary horn Complete agenesis Müllerian agenesis (MRKH syndrome) Absence of uterus and upper vagina; normal ovaries and external genitalia 🔍 Clinical Presentation Asymptomatic in mild cases Primary amenorrhea (no menstruation) Infertility or recurrent miscarriage Dyspareunia (painful intercourse) Obstructed menstruation if outflow tract is blocked 🧪 Diagnosis Pelvic ultrasound or MRI for structural assessment Hysterosalpingography (HSG) to evaluate uterine cavity and fallopian tubes Laparoscopy/hysteroscopy for direct visualization and correction 🛠️ Management Depends on the type and severity: Surgical correction (e.g., metroplasty for septate uterus) Vaginoplasty or dilation therapy for vaginal agenesis #Duct