Pediatric Brain Tumors by Dr. Shirley Trenche скачать в хорошем качестве

Pediatric Brain Tumors by Dr. Shirley Trenche

This PowerPoint presentation covers key aspects of pediatric brain tumors, one of the most common types of solid tumors in children, representing about 20% of childhood cancers. The presentation provides an overview of various types of pediatric brain tumors, including medulloblastoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma, and craniopharyngioma, each with distinct histological features, locations, and clinical implications. The general symptoms of pediatric brain tumors are discussed, highlighting common signs such as morning headaches, nausea, vomiting, seizures, and visual disturbances. Specific tumor types are detailed, describing their unique histological characteristics and common locations within the central nervous system. The diagnostic approach to pediatric brain tumors is explained, emphasizing imaging techniques like MRI as the primary tool for detection, along with the role of biopsy, molecular testing, and lumbar puncture in diagnosing and assessing tumor spread. Treatment approaches are outlined, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and clinical trials, with a focus on emerging treatments like immunotherapy and proton therapy that aim to improve outcomes and reduce side effects. Prognosis and outcomes vary significantly depending on factors like tumor type, location, and the extent of resection. The presentation discusses advances in genomic profiling, immunotherapy, and precision therapies that are contributing to improved survival rates and quality of life. Case-based questions are included to reinforce understanding, with scenarios that challenge the audience to apply knowledge of pediatric brain tumor types, management, and histological features. Welcome to this presentation on pediatric brain tumors. We’ll cover the common types, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and advances in care for brain tumors in children. Pediatric brain tumors are abnormal cell growths within a child’s brain or central nervous system. They are the most common type of solid tumor in children and represent roughly 20% of all pediatric cancers. There are several types of pediatric brain tumors, each with distinct characteristics and typical locations in the brain. The most commonly diagnosed include medulloblastoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma, and craniopharyngioma. Symptoms of pediatric brain tumors vary depending on the tumor’s size and location. Common signs include morning headaches, nausea, seizures, vision problems, and behavioral changes. These symptoms often signal increased pressure on the brain. Medulloblastomas are highly cellular tumors originating from neuroectodermal cells. Typically found in the cerebellum, they can impact balance and coordination. These are among the most common malignant brain tumors in children. Pilocytic astrocytomas are generally benign tumors composed of star-shaped glial cells. They often contain unique structures like Rosenthal fibers and eosinophilic granular bodies, and they can be found throughout various parts of the brain. Ependymomas arise from cells that line the brain’s ventricular system. A unique feature is the perivascular pseudorosettes pattern. They are commonly located in the fourth ventricle, where they may obstruct cerebrospinal fluid flow, causing symptoms like headaches and nausea. Craniopharyngiomas are rare, typically benign tumors that arise near the pituitary gland in the suprasellar region. They often contain calcifications and wet keratin, which can be identified in imaging studies and histology. Diagnosing pediatric brain tumors involves several methods. MRI is the primary imaging tool, while biopsies and molecular testing are used to determine tumor type and guide personalized treatment. Lumbar punctures help evaluate tumors that may spread to the cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment for pediatric brain tumors typically begins with surgery to remove the tumor. Radiation and chemotherapy are used to target any remaining cancer cells. Targeted therapies are advancing, allowing treatment tailored to the tumor’s genetic profile. Clinical trials provide pediatric patients with access to innovative treatments. Advances in genomic profiling, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplants offer new hope for improved outcomes, particularly in cases where standard therapies are less effective. Prognosis for pediatric brain tumors varies widely. Factors like tumor type, location, and successful resection influence outcomes. Long-term effects are common, so supportive care and rehabilitation are critical for improving quality of life. Recent advances in pediatric brain tumor treatment are transforming care. Genomic profiling allows for personalized therapies, while immunotherapy and proton therapy offer precision treatment, minimizing side effects and improving outcomes. I can be contacted at [email protected]